ECPI. NUR 164. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Theory of animism:
-Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death.
- Roles of nurse and physician separate and distinct: physician as medicine man; nurse as caring mother
Ancient Greek ...
ECPI. NUR 164. CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Theory of animism: - answer-Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness
and death.
- Roles of nurse and physician separate and distinct: physician as medicine man; nurse
as caring mother
Ancient Greek civilization: - answer- Temples became center of medical care
-Nurses cared for the sick in the home and community; practiced as nurse-midwives
Early Christian Period: - answer-Nursing has formal and more clearly defined role;
deaconesses made visits to the sick.
-Nursing developed purpose, direction, and leadership.
16th Century: - answer-Shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare,
exploration, and expansion of knowledge
-Nursing had a poor reputation; nurses received low pay and worked long hours in
unfavorable conditions.
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
In the beginning of civilization, the role of the physician was carried out by the medicine
man and the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness. -
answerTrue
In the beginning of civilization, The physician was the medicine man who treated
disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits. The nurse
usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical
care and herbal remedies.
Historical Perspective/19th to 20th Century: - answerSocial reforms changed the roles
of nurses and of women in general.
Nursing as we now know it began, based on many of the beliefs of Florence
Nightingale.
-Nightingale challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses.
, -She established the first training school for nurses, and wrote books about health care
and nursing education.
Historical Perspective/19th to 20th Century (Cont.): - answerHospital schools organized
to provide more easily controlled and less expensive staff for the hospital.
Female nurses were under the control of male hospital administrators and physicians.
•World War II
-Large numbers of women worked outside the home and became more independent
and assertive.
-Explosion in medicine and technology broadened the role of nurses.
-Growth of nursing as a professional discipline.
Historical Perspective/19th to 20th Century (Cont.2): - answerNursing broadened in all
areas
-Practice in a wide variety of health care settings
-The development of a specific body of knowledge
-The conduct and publication of nursing research
-Recognition of the role of nursing in promoting health
-Increased emphasis on nursing knowledge as the foundation for EBP lead to growth of
nursing as a professional discipline
Contributions of Florence Nightingale: - answer•Identified personal needs of patient and
role of nurse in meeting them
•Established standards for hospital management
•Established nursing education and nursing as a respected occupation for women
•Recognized the two components of nursing: health and illness
•Established nursing education
•Believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine
•Recognized that nutrition is important to health
•Instituted occupational and recreational therapy for sick people
•Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses
•Maintained accurate records, recognized as the beginnings of nursing research
Definition Of Nursing: - answerOriginated from the Latin word nutrix (to nourish)
Profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and
provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
ICN definition—Promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care
ANA definition—Social policy statement
Patient is central focus of all definitions
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