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Summary OAT Booster Chapter 1 Biology - Cell & Molecular Biology review
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OAT Booster Chapter 1 Biology - Cell & Molecular Biology review
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OAT Booster Chapter 1 Biology - Cell &Molecular Biology review
hydroxyl - OH, polar, hydrophilic
carboxyl - COOH, polar, hydrophilic, weak acid
amino - NH2, polar, hydrophilic, weak base
phosphate - PO4 3-, polar, hydrophilic, acid
carbonyl - C=O, polar, hydrophillic
aldehyde - H-C=O
ketone - R-C=O
methyl - CH3, nonpolar, hydrophobic
monosaccharides - a single sugar molecule (e.g. glucose and fructose); alpha or
beta based on the position of the OH on the anomeric carbon (OH down = alpha,
OH up = beta)
, OAT Booster Chapter 1 Biology - Cell &
Molecular Biology review
disaccharide - two sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic linkage (e.g. sucrose,
lactose, maltose)
polysaccharide - series of connected monosaccharides; polymer; bonds form via
dehydration synthesis and breakdown via hydrolysis
the 3 disaccharides to know for sure - 1. lactose = glucose + galactose
2. maltose = glucose + glucose
3. sucrose = glucose + fructose
starch - a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules; store energy in plant cells
glycogen - a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules; store energy in animal cells
(differ in polymer branching from starch)
cellulose - a polymer of beta-glucose; structural molecules for walls of plant cells
and wood
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