NUR1141 ACTUAL REAL LATEST PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+ |BRAND NEW VERSION
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NUR1141 ACTUAL PHARMACOLOGY
Institution
NUR1141 ACTUAL PHARMACOLOGY
NUR1141 ACTUAL REAL LATEST
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
|BRAND NEW VERSION
What is a drug? - ANSWER-any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of
a living organism
What is pharmacology? - ANSWER-the study ...
NUR1141 ACTUAL REAL LATEST
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
|BRAND NEW VERSION 2024-2025
What is a drug? - ANSWER-any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of
a living organism
What is pharmacology? - ANSWER-the study or science of drugs
What is pharmacotherapeutics? - ANSWER-also known as therapeutics, focuses
on the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases
-it defines the principles of drug actions and some mechanisms of action are more
clearly understood than others
How are drugs categorized into pharmacologic classes? - ANSWER-according to
their physiologic function (beta-adrenergic blockers) and primary disease states
treated (anticonvulsants, anti-infective)
,What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)? - ANSWER-regulates the
approval and clinical use of all drugs in the US, including the requirement of an
expiration date on all drugs.
-only FDA approved indications are permitted to be described in the
manufacturer's written information or labeling for the given drug product.
-at times, prescribers may choose to use drugs for non-FDA approved indications
and this is known as off label prescribing. Evolving over time in clinical practice,
previously off label indications often become FDA approved indications for a
given drug
What is toxicology? - ANSWER-the study of the adverse effects of drugs and other
chemicals on living systems. Toxic effects are often an extension of a drug's
therapeutic action. Toxicology frequently involves overlapping principles of both
pharmacotherapy and toxicology.
What is therapeutic drug monitoring? - ANSWER-peak (highest) and trough
(lowest) values are measured to verify adequate drug exposure, maximize
therapeutic effects and minimize drug toxicity. Often carried out by a clinical
pharmacist.
What does pharmacodynamics relate to? - ANSWER-the mechanism of drug
action in living tissues.
-drug induced changes in normal physiologic functions are explained by the
principles of pharmacodynamics
What is the therapeutic effect of a drug? - ANSWER-a positive change in a faulty
physiologic system
What is mechanism of action? - ANSWER--drugs can produce actions (therapeutic
effects) in several ways
, -effects of a particular drug depend on the characteristics of the cells or tissues
targeted by the drug
-once the drug is at the site of action it can modify (increase or decrease) the rate at
which the cell or tissue functions or it can modify the strength of function of that
cell or tissue.
-a drug cannot cause a cell or tissue to perform a function that is not part of its
natural physiology
What are the three basic ways drugs can exert their actions? - ANSWER-1.
receptors
2. enzymes
3. nonselective interactions
What is a receptor? - ANSWER-a reactive site on the surface or inside of a cell
What is drug- receptor interaction? - ANSWER-the joining of the drug molecule
with a reactive site on the surface of a cell or tissue. Most commonly this is a
protein structure within the cell membrane. Once a drug binds to and interacts with
the receptor, a pharmacologic response is produced
What is affinity? - ANSWER-the degree to which a drug attaches to and binds with
a receptor. The drug with the strongest affinity or best "fit" will elicit the greatest
response
What are enzymes? - ANSWER-the substances that catalyze nearly every
biochemical reaction in a cell
-drugs can produce effects by interacting with these enzymes
-for a drug to alter a physiologic response in this way, it may either inhibit (more
common) or enhance (less common) the action of a specific enzyme. This process
is called selective interaction.
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