Nystce Visual Arts 167: Artistic
Processes & Materials Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions Already
Passed!!!
Origins of drawing - ANSWER✔✔ -first was created on cave walls as early as
10,000 B.C.
-by Egyptians starting in 3,000 B.C.
-originally used to express ideas and scenes in cave paintings
-In the Middle Ages, drawings were mainly completed on animal skins, wood,
wax, or slate
Drawing in the Renaissance Era - ANSWER✔✔ -became more widely used due to
availability of paper
-artists would learn to draw before painting or sculpting
-used to study and record nature and anatomy
-artists used pen and ink, as well as black and red charcoal
Charcoal - ANSWER✔✔ an early drawing material made from slowly burned
wood. Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks were rubbed on
cave walls
Red chalk - ANSWER✔✔ -made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay
-popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, and Leonardo da Vinci used it for many
sketches
Black chalk - ANSWER✔✔ -carbonaceous shale, and it is softer than red chalk
,-used in 15th-century Italy for underdrawings for ink or metal point artwork
-Albrecht Dürer and Anthony van Dyck used black chalk for portraits
White chalk - ANSWER✔✔ -calcium carbonate or soapstone
-used for highlights on drawings
Conté crayons - ANSWER✔✔ -developed in the early 1800s
-made in red, black, and white
-harder than chalk and produce smoother lines
Ink - ANSWER✔✔ -liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush
-commonly used for writing
Pens - ANSWER✔✔ -first made with bird feathers (quills) and reeds, and later
they were created with metal tips
Pencils - ANSWER✔✔ -made from graphite encased in wood
-available in a range of hardnesses, from 10H to 10B
-10B pencil has the softest lead, and it will wear down quickly, leaving the darkest
mark on the paper
-in the middle are F and HB, which are a medium hardness and darkness
Mahlstick - ANSWER✔✔ stick with a padded head used to rest and support your
hand to keep it steady while drawing or painting
, Kneaded rubber eraser - ANSWER✔✔ can be manipulated and rolled into smaller
sizes to erase small areas, and it will not leave eraser crumbs behind
Gum eraser - ANSWER✔✔ -yellowish and will crumble quickly
-best for larger areas
Pink eraser - ANSWER✔✔ -firmer and more precise, but it will still leave crumbs
on the paper
Parchment - ANSWER✔✔ -commonly used drawing surface used in the Middle
Ages
-animal skin
Paper - ANSWER✔✔ -first created in A.D. 105 in China
-wasn't widely used as a drawing material until it was produced more quickly and
more inexpensively in the 1800s
-comes in hot-pressed and cold-pressed surfaces
-Hot-pressed paper will be smooth, whereas cold-pressed paper will have a texture
-A smooth surface will allow for greater detail and better control of pencil marks,
whereas a rough surface is better suited for looser drawing and sketching or for a
drawing with a rough texture
Archival (paper) - ANSWER✔✔ acid-free, doesn't yellow or deteriorate over time.
should be used for finished drawings, whereas any paper can be used for
preliminary sketches
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