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Exam 2- BIO 156 Questions and Answers
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Exam 2- BIO 156 Questions and Answers
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Exam 2- BIO 156 Questions and Answerscellulose - Answer -Plant cell walls consist of ______.
Dermal - Answer -Plant tissue type; Forms the epidermis, which is usually one cell layer
thick, outer protective cover; Wax and bark (non-living)
Ground - Answer -Plant tissue type; Forms several internal tissue types
(photosynthesis, storage, structural support). For storage, photosynthesis and secretion.
Vascular - Answer -Plant tissue type; Conducts water, dissolved nutrients,
carbohydrates, hormones.
Primary cell wall - Answer -Found in all plant cells.
Secondary cell wall - Answer -Found in some plant cells. Additional layers of cellulose
and lignin. Increase mechanical strength of wall.
Meristems - Answer -(specialized cell type) clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm
and large nuclei; act as stem cells do in animals
One cell divides producing a differentiating cell and another that remains meristematic. -
Answer -How are meristems produced?
Apical meristems - Answer -located at tips of stems and roots; elongate shoots and
roots; Produce primary tissues; are delicate cells that need protection.
root - Answer -Root cap protects ____ apical meristem.
Casparian strips - Answer -The endodermis is impregnated with bands of waterproof
suberin called _________. Blocks any further passage through the cell wall.
shoot - Answer -Leaf primordia protect _____ apical meristem.
Primary meristems - Answer -Apical meristems produce the three tissue systems by first
initiating ______.
, Protoderm, procambium, ground meristem - Answer -What are the three primary
meristems?
protoderm meristem - Answer -forms epidermis
Procambium meristem - Answer -produces primary vascular tissues
ground meristem - Answer -differentiates into ground tissue
Intercalary meristems - Answer -Some plants have ________. Found in stem internode
and add to internode length.term-74
Lateral meristems - Answer -Found in plants that exhibit secondary growth; increase
shoot and root diameter; Produce secondary tissues.
Cork cambium and vascular cambium - Answer -Woody plants have two types of lateral
meristems:
Cork cambium - Answer -produces outer bark
Vascular cambium - Answer -produces 2° vascular tissue
2° xylem - Answer -______ is the main component of wood.
Guard cells - Answer -Dermal tissue cell type; paired sausage-shaped cells; Flank a
stoma, or epidermal opening, passageway for oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Trichomes - Answer -Dermal tissue cell type; cellular or multicellular hairlike outgrowths
of the epidermis; Keep leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation by covering stomatal
openings. (patterning is genetic)
Roots hairs - Answer -Dermal tissue cell type; tubular extensions of individual epidermal
cells; Greatly increase the root's surface area and efficiency of absorption.
Xylem - Answer -Vascular tissue cell type; Conducts water and dissolved minerals
throughout plant. Also conducts inorganic ions such as nitrates and supports plant body.
Typically includes fibers and parenchyma cells in rays.
Phloem - Answer -Vascular tissue cell type; Conducts solution of carbohydrates, mostly
sucrose, used as food; Also transports hormones, amino acids and other substances
necessary for plant growth.
Parenchyma - Answer -Ground tissue cell type; function is storage, photosynthesis and
secretion, most with NO 2° cell walls; less specialized than other plant cells; living
protoplast may live for many years; Some contain chloroplasts and are called
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