Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024
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Course
Hesi
Institution
Hesi
Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024
Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024
Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024
Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
1. Framingham Study: an estimate of the risk of a cardiovascular event
(myocardial infarction or coronary death) within the next 10 years.
2. Framingham risk factors used in the model are:: age
gender
total cholesterol
HDL ("good")
cholesterol systolic
blood pressure
whether a person is on medication to treat high blood pressure
whether the person is a smoker
3. What is xanthelasma?: sharply demarcated yellowish collection of
cholesterol underneath the skin around the eyelids
4. What is Arcus Senilis
What does it indicate?: An accumulation of lipids around the iris. A sign of
very high blood lipids
5. What are triglycerides?: Fat found in animal tissues and plants is in the
form of triglycerides. Triglycerides have three ("tri") fatty acids attached to
a glycerol backbone.
6. Saturated fatty acids contain: Have hydrogen atoms on all available carbon
,Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
atoms
7. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain: multiple spots on the fatty acid where
there are no hydrogen atoms, thus, the carbons form a double bond
8. Monounsaturated fatty acids contain: one double bond
9. Hydrogenated (trans) fatty acids: have had hydrogen added. The hydrogen
atoms bond in a trans fashion rather than the naturally occurring cis
formation
10.Omega-6 fatty acids: have an unsaturated spot 6 carbons in from the end
of the chain connected to the glycerol
11.Omega-3 fatty acids: have an unsaturated spot 3 carbons in from the end
of the chain connected to the glycerol
12.What does an excess consumption of calories from protein, carbohydrates or
alcohol cause?: An excess consumption of calories from protein, carbohydrate,
or alcohol will cause the liver to synthesize triglycerides for storage in fat
depots and can stimulate hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
13.What is a micelle?: When bile salts bind to partially digested fats.
Cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins also join the micelle.
14.What does a micelle do?: The micelle carries the lipids to the brush border
of the villi and releases them into the intestinal cell.
,Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
15.After a micelle releases it's lipids into the intestinal cell, what happens to the bile
salts?: The bile salts are released back into the intestinal lumen, where they
can either pick up more lipids or be eliminated in the feces.
, Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
16.What happens to the lipids that are released into the intestinal cells by a micelle?:
The lipids reform into triglycerides in the intestinal cell and then are coated
with proteins. This is important because otherwise lipids would coalesce in
the blood and form fat emboli. The protein coated triglycerides, called
chylomicrons, enter the lymphatic system and go to the liver.
17.What is a chylomicron?: type of lipoprotein formed in enterocytes to
transport lipids away from the GI tract
18.The proteins in in lipoproteins are called:: "apolipoproteins" ("apo" means
"without," so "without lipid") and sometimes "apoproteins"
19.How are lipoproteins categorized?: function and density (the more lipid, the
less 'dense')
20.What are VLDLs?: * Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs): transports
en- dogenous lipids to the tissues
* produced in the liver from both chylomicron and endogenous sources of
triglyc- erides.
* They are large lipoproteins because, after chylomicrons, they contain the
most lipid.
21.What are IDLs?: Triglycerides are cleaved off of VLDLs (and used for energy
or stored in fat depots) and the resulting lipoprotein is called an intermediate
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