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Hondros Bio 253 Exam Questions
With Verified
Layers of the skin - answer✔✔epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Stratum Corneum - answer✔✔Protective durable overcoat, waterproof, tough, relatively
insensitive to biological, chemical and physical assault.
Stratum Lucidum - answer✔✔visible only in thick skin, few layers thick, dead clear cells
Stratum Granulosum - answer✔✔3-5 layers of thick keratinocytes flastten out
Stratum Spinosum - answer✔✔overlies the stratum basale, cells come from the basale, filaments
u the cells that resist tension, keratinocytes have a spiny appearance, contain langerhen cells
Stratum Basale - answer✔✔Deepest layer, single row if renewing keratinocytes that are getting
ready to push up, melaninocytes, small portion of merkel cells
Parts of a neuron - answer✔✔Cell body, Dendrites, Axon
Cell body - answer✔✔Provide protein for maintaining and regenerating nerves
Dendrites - answer✔✔Each neuron had one or more dendrites, branch from the cell body, bring
impulses in, distal ends of dendrites of sensory neurons are receptors
Axon - answer✔✔Each neurons has one axon, axon hillock integrates incoming signals. axons
carry impulses away and communicates
Afferent neurons - answer✔✔Brings signal to CNS, *sensory
Efferent neurons - answer✔✔Carry signals away, *motor
Reflex Arc - answer✔✔Receptor, afferent, interneuron, efferent, effector, response
Membrane potential - answer✔✔Slight deficiency of positively charged ions on the inside of the
membrane
Saltatory conduction - answer✔✔In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occor
only at the nodes of Raniver
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Continuous conduction - answer✔✔In unmyelinated fibers
Acetylcholine - answer✔✔chemical structure, found in junctions with motor effectors (skeletal
muscles, glands, many parts of the brain
Brain stem - answer✔✔Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Diencephalon - answer✔✔Hypothalamus, Thalamus
Cerebellum - answer✔✔Compares motor commands of cerebrum with proprioceptor
information, acts with cerebral cortex to produce skilled movements, controls balance and
posture
Frontal lobe - answer✔✔Reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movements, emotions, and
problem solving
Parietal lobe - answer✔✔movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli, lanuagae
Temporal lobe - answer✔✔perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
Occipital lobe - answer✔✔visual processing
Olfactory nerve (CN I) - answer✔✔sense if smell
Optic nerve (CN II) - answer✔✔sense of sight
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) - answer✔✔eye movement, regulation of size of pupil,
accommodation, proprioception (muscles sense)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV) - answer✔✔eye movement, proprioception
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) - answer✔✔sensation of head and face, chewing movements,
proprioception
Abducens nerve (CN VI) - answer✔✔abduction of eye, proprioception
Facial nerve (CN VII) - answer✔✔facial expressions, secretion of saliva, tears, and taste
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - answer✔✔balance of equilibrium sense, hearing
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) - answer✔✔sensations of tongue, swallowing movements,
secretions of saliva, aid in reflex control of blood pressure and respiration
Vagus nerve (CN X) - answer✔✔sennsation and movements of organs supplied, slow heart,
increases peristalsis, contracts muscles for voice production
Accessory nerve (CN XI) - answer✔✔shoulder movements, turning movements of the head,
proprioception
