PAD risk factors cigarette smoking Hyperlipidemia HTN Diabetes mellitus
PAD lifestyle modifications smoking cessation, heart health diet, exercise - walking
*risk factor reduction is an important part of treatment
PAD clinical manifestions intermittent claudication, severe pain, pallor of foot w...
PAD medical care ✅*Administer vasodilators/anticoagulants
*IR - percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty w/ stent placement
*Sx - peripheral artery bypass (to bypass blood around lesion)
*CVD risk factor modification
*Treat claudication symptoms (exercise)
PAD pt teaching ✅*Teach pts methods to promote vasodilation
*Teach to avoid raising their legs above the level of the heart UNLESS venous stasis is
also present
*Provide written and oral instructions on foot care & methods to prevent injury and ulcer
development
*Encourage smoking cessation
*Limit dietary intake of fat and drink adequate fluids to prevent dehydration
PAD nursing management ✅After Sx - frequently monitor skin color/temp, capillary
refill, peripheral pulses distal to op-site, sensation and movement of extremity
Ambulatory/At home - manage risk factors, meticulous foot care, inspect feet daily,
gradually increase physical activity after sx
Focus on: -tissue perfusion
-pain relief
-exercise tolerance
-intact/healthy skin
-pt knowledge of disease and treatment plan
, Aspirin and Clopridogrel for PAD ✅low dose aspirin therapy
Clopidogrel for aspirin-intolerant patients
High risk pt may take combination aspirin-clopidogrel
VTE clinical manifestations ✅unilateral leg edema, pain, sense of fullness,
paresthesias, warm, erythema, fever
**can be asymptomatic
VTE nursing care ✅-teach preventative measures and lifestyle modifications
-administer prescribed anticoagulants
-asses for PE and venous insufficiency
-assess pt diet/nutritional needs
-assess pt mobility status
VTE medical care ✅-encourage primary prevention
-early and aggressive mobilization
-drug therapy (anticoagulants {vitamin K antagonists; thrombin inhibitors; factor Xa
inhibitors})
VTE pt teaching ✅-increase mobility
-compression stockings
-medication use
-manifestations of PE and chronic venous insufficiency
-diet changes
-fall precautions
-smoking cessation
-avoid oral contraceptives/hormone replacement therapy
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