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CMN 568 Exam 3- Asthma #1 Complete Questions And Answers
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CMN 568 Exam 3- Asthma #1 Complete Questions And Answers
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CMN 568 Exam 3- Asthma #1 CompleteQuestions And Answers
Asthma essential of diagnosis CORRECT ANSWERS - Episodic or chronic symptoms
of wheezing, dyspnea, or cough
- Symptoms frequently worse at night or in the early morning
- Prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezes on physical exam
- Limitation of airflow on PFT or positive bronchoprovocation challenge
- Reversibility of airflow obstruction either spontaneously or following bronchodilator tx
Asthma characteristics CORRECT ANSWERS - Bronchoconstriction
- Airway inflammation
- Reversible airflow limitation
Plays a central role in allergic asthma CORRECT ANSWERS IgE
Promotes eosinophilic inflammation CORRECT ANSWERS IL-5
Asthma Predisposing Factors CORRECT ANSWERS - Genetic predisposition (family hx
or allergies, asthma)
- Obesity is the 2nd leading cause
- Atopy is strongest predictor of asthma (genetic tendency to develop allergic disease
such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and
atopic dermatitis - eczema)
- Tobacco exposure (2nd hand smoke in kids)
- RSV or other viruses during infancy
Asthma prevalence CORRECT ANSWERS - More common in male children (<14yr)
and in female adults
- Highest hospitalization rates are in blacks and children
- Highest death rates are in blacks (ages 15-24yr old)
Asthma S/S CORRECT ANSWERS - Episodic wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest tightness
- Cough
- Excess sputum production (common)
- Frequency of attacks is variable
- May occur spontaneously or exacerbated by triggers
- Symptoms worse at night (3-4am)
Asthma physical exam CORRECT ANSWERS - Nasal mucosal swelling
- Increased secretions
- Polyps (allergic asthma)
, - Eczema
- Atopic dermatitis
- Other allergic skin dx
Wheezing or prolonged expiratory phase
during normal breathing CORRECT ANSWERS Means the presence of airflow
obstruction
Severe asthma attack S/S CORRECT ANSWERS - Only diagnostic clue on auscultation
is globally diminished breath sounds (absent wheeze)
- Use of accessory muscles of respiration (nasal flaring and retractions)
Asthma triggers CORRECT ANSWERS - Common allergens (house dust mites,
seasonal pollens, cockroaches, cat dander)
- Exercise, postnasal drip, aspiration, GERD, stress, URI, rhinosinusitis, exposure to
cold air
- Exposure to tobacco, crack cocaine, meth
- Air pollution
- Aspirin/NSAIDs/Tartrazine Dye
- Various agents in workplace (occupational)
- Catamenial (women; occurs at predictable times during menstrual cycle)
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
- Wheezing due to decompensated HF
- Cough-variant (cough is present instead of wheezing)
Asthma lifestyle modifications CORRECT ANSWERS - No smoking around child
- Keep pets out of bedroom at the minimum
- Keep indoor humidity < 50%
- Keep windows closed
- Eliminate carpeting in bedroom
- Limit stuffed toys (wash weekly)
- Encase pillows and mattress in dust-mite proof covering (wash weekly)
- Control indoor pests (cockroaches)
- Avoid outdoor activities when air pollution
index is high
- Avoid beta blockers & sulfite-containing foods
- Get annual influenza vaccine
Stepwise approach to asthma management CORRECT ANSWERS - Evaluate asthma
severity (new diagnosis, not on long-term control medications)
- Initiate treatment using the Stepwise approach
- Assess asthma control and adjust treatment as needed
Evaluating asthma severity CORRECT ANSWERS - Determined by assessment of both
impairment and risk
- Assess impairment domain by patient's/ caregiver's recall of previous 2-4
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