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MTLE MINNESOTA MIDDLE LEVEL SCIENCE (5-8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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MTLE MINNESOTA MIDDLE LEVEL SCIENCE (5-8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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MTLE MINNESOTA MIDDLE LEVELSCIENCE (5-8) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Prokaryote Cells
Scientific Method
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing
the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. This is the
change that is being introduced.
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
variable. This is what you are watching to see change in.
Hypothesis
An educated guess
Conclusion
A summary based on evidence or facts, lab results. explains if hypothesis is supported or disproved.
Model
A simplification or representation of a problem that is being studied or predicted.
meiscus
Lens shaped curve forming at the top of a liquid. Measure this in a graduated cylinder from the bottom
of the curve, eye level.
Tared
term used to describe returning a balance back to zero.
Buret
,dispensing and transferring known volumes of fluids
Store microscope
on low power objective
Carry microscope
arm and base
Focusing a microscope
Always start on low power, use the course adjustment knob, ONLY use course adjustment knob on low
power (not medium/high power);
Chromatography
A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each
component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material by means of capillary action.
Spectrophotometry
An analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorption of different wavelengths of
light.
Centrifugation
Separates components by density using high speed spinning
Electrophoresis
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge according to their size. DNA test.
Labrotory Solutions
Always made with distilled water due to dissolved particles affecting the results.
SI Unit Length
meter (m)
SI Unit Mass
,kilogram (kg)
SI Unit TIme
second (s)
SI Unit Electric Current
ampere, A
SI Unit Temperature
Kelvin (K)
SI Unit Amount of Substance
mole (mol)
SI unit of luminous intensity
candela (cd)
In a line graph, the independent variable is plotted on the _____ axis
X-Axis (horizontal)
In a line graph, the dependent variable is plotted on the _____ axis
Y-Axis (Verticle)
Random Errors
occur because of random and inherently unpredictable events in the measurement process. limitations
of measuring devices
Systemic Errors
consistent of reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently made during an experiment at the same
point.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Invented the microscope in 1666
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage
Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
, Developed pasteurization
Demonstrated what is now known as Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Koch (1843-1910)
Established Koch's postulates - a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory
Identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera
Developed pure culture methods
Koch's Postulates
- The same pathogen must be present in every person with the same disease
- The pathogen must be isolated and grown in a culture
- When the organism is re-introduced into an experimental animal, that animal should develop the same
disease originally seen.
- The same pathogen must be isolated from the re-infected, experimental animal.
James Watson and Francis Crick
Discovered DNA
Systems Model
A general model of components that work together. Breaks down systems into 4 simple steps.
1. Input: such as energy, matter or food
2. Process: Such as energy conversion or applied mechanical force
3. Output: Such as electricity generation, sound or light
4. Feedback: uses information from the output to regulate the input and process.
Flowcharts are used to
illustrate processes and procedures through time
Fusion
Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.
Inner Core
A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth
Outer Core
A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
Lower Mantel (Mesosphere)
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