INTRODUCTION TO AI (PRACTICE EXAM 1}
MODEL FUNDAMENTALS EXAM STUDY
GUIDE AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024/2025
| ACCURATE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXPERT
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QUESTION NO: 1
What functions do routers perform in a network? (Choose two.)
A. path selection
B. packet switching
C. VLAN membership assignment
D. microsegmentation of broadcast domains - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The primary functions of a router are: Packet Switching and Path Selection. It is the
routers job to determine the best method for delivering the data, and switching that data
as quickly as possible. (1)Intercept datagrams sent to remote network segments
between networks, playing a translated role. (2)Select the most reasonable route to
guide communications. In order to achieve this function, the router will check the routing
table based on certain routing communication protocol, and the routing table lists all the
nodes contained in the entire internet , the path conditions between nodes and
transmission costs associated with them. If a specific node has more than one path,
then select the optimal path based on pre-determined specifications. Because a variety
of network segments and their mutual connection situations may change, the routing
information needs to be updated in time, which is completed by timing update or
updating according to changes determined by the routing information protocol used.
Each router in the network dynamically updates its routing table according to this rule to
maintain effective routing information. (3)When forwarding datagrams, in order to
facilitate transferring datagrams between networks, routers will divide large data
packets into appropriate sized data packets according to predetermined
specifications, and those appropriate sized data packets will be turned into their original
form when reaching the destination. (4)Multi-protocol routers can connect and use
,network segments of different communication protocols , they can be used as
communication connecting platforms of network segments of different communication
protocols.
(5)The main task of router is to guide the communications to the destination network,
and then reach the addresses of the specific node st
QUESTION NO: 2
Which of the following is true regarding the use of switches and hubs for network
connectivity?
A. Using hubs can increase the amount of bandwidth available to hosts.
B. Hubs can filter frames.
C. Switches increase the number of collision domains in the network.
D. Switches do not forward broadcasts.
E. Switches take less time to process frames than hubs take. - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer:
C
Explanation:
A hub is a broadcast domain and a collision domain, while a switch is a broadcast
domain, each
interface is a collision domain. The switch is a device of data link layer, forwards and
floods data
frames based on the MAC address. The hub adopts the shared bandwidth working
mode, while
the switch adopts dedicated bandwidth.
Switches increases the number of collisions domains in the network. Switches that are
configured
with VLANs will reduce the size of the collision domains by increasing the number of
collision
domains in a network, but making them smaller than that of one big, flat network.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Switches and hubs can be equally efficient in processing frames, in theory. In
practice, switches
are generally more efficient as they usually have more CPU and memory allocated to
them, and
are generally much more expensive than a simple hub.
B: Switches are capable of VLAN configurations, but hubs are not.
E: Switches forward broadcasts and multicasts, by default, to all ports within the same
VLAN. Only
routers block all broadcast traffic by default.
QUESTION NO: 3
When comparing and contrasting the similarities and differences between bridges and
switches,
which of the following are valid statements? (Choose two)
A. Bridges and switches learn MAC addresses by examining the source MAC address
of each
frame received.
,B. A switch is a multiport bridge
C. Bridges and switches increase the size of a collision domain.
D. Bridges are faster than switches because they have fewer ports. -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Bridge is a Layer2 device, which is designed to create two or more LAN segments.
Each segment
is an independent collision domain. Bridge is also created to provide more available
bandwidth, Its
purpose is to filter the LAN traffic, making local traffic be in the local area, and those
directed to
other parts of the LAN (sub) be forwarded there. Each NIC on each device has a unique
MAC
address. Bridge will record the MAC address of each port and then make forwarding
decisions
based on this MAC address table.
Switch is a device of the data link layer, it combines multiple physical LAN segments
into a large
network.. Similar to bridge, the switch will transfer and flood the communication frames
based on
the MAC address. Because the switching process is performed in hardware, the
switching speed
of the switch is faster than that of a bridge performed by software. Regarding each
switching port as a mini-bridge, then each switching port will work as an independent
bridge to provide full medium??s bandwidth to each host. The number of ports of
bridges and switches are the same as that of collision domains. All ports are in the
same broadcast domain. Both bridges and switches build the bridge table by listening to
incoming frames and examining the source MAC address in the frame. Switches are
multiport bridges that allow you to create multiple broadcast domains. Each broadcast
domain is like a distinct virtual bridge within a switch. Incorrect Answers:
D: Switches are generally faster than bridges. Bridges also do not necessarily have
fewer ports
than switches.
QUESTION NO: 4
As a network administrator, you will need to decide on the appropriate network devices
to use.
Which of the following correctly describes the roles of devices in a WAN? (Choose
three)
A. A modem terminates a digital local loop.
B. A CSU/DSU terminates a digital local loop.
C. A CSU/DSU terminates an analog local loop.
D. A modem terminates an analog local loop.
E. A router is commonly considered a DTE device. - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer: B,D,E
Explanation:
, Layer 2 switching is considered hardware-based bridging because it uses specialized
hardware
called an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ASICs can run up to gigabit
speeds with
very low latency rates. A router is commonly considered to be a DTE device, while a
CSU/DSU is considered the DCE
device.
Switches usually have higher port number then bridge. Generally bridges have two
ports. Both
operates on Data link layer.
Which of the following statements are true regarding bridges and switches? (Choose 3.)
A. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses.
B. Switches have a higher number of ports than most bridges.
C. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based.
D. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts.
E. Bridges define broadcast domains while switches define collision domains.
F. Bridges are frequently faster than switches.
G. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses. -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Both bridges and switches operate at the second layer of the OSI model, processing
and
forwarding frames from the data-link layer.
Bridges are software based and switches are hardware based.
Switches have more ports than bridges.
Both bridges and switches forward frames based on MAC addresses.
What are two reasons a network administrator would use CDP? (Choose two.)
A. to obtain VLAN information from directly connected switches
B. to determine the status of network services on a remote device
C. to determine the status of the routing protocols between directly connected routers
D. to verify the type of cable interconnecting two devices
E. to verify Layer 2 connectivity between two devices when Layer 3 fails
F. to obtain the IP address of a connected device in order to telnet to the device -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Answer: E,F
Explanation:
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is primarily used to obtain protocol addresses of
neighboring
devices and discover the platform of those devices. CDP can also be used to show
information
about the interfaces your router uses. CDP is an independent media protocol and runs
on all
Cisco-manufactured devices including routers, bridges, access servers, and switches. It
should be
