Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1 Questions With Correct Verified Answers A+ Graded
Apoptosis - ANS A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, or...
Apoptosis - ANS A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for
elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
K
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - ANS
hypoxia
C
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANS ischemia
LO
Main component of a cell - ANS nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ANS nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANS RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and
YC
histones
Why are histone important? - ANS histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin)
which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ANS RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
D
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
U
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANS cytoplasm and rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - ANS provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
ST
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - ANS a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANS takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into
small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANS maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular
components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption
, How does aging affect lysosomes? - ANS leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANS nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell
stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANS cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy
production
K
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - ANS enzymes of the respiratory chain and
are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
C
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and
metabolizes what three things (3)? - ANS 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
LO
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements? - ANS carbs,
proteins, and lipids
YC
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANS occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANS occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood
supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
D
what is hypertrophy? - ANS increase in cell size
U
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANS hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance
training
ST
example of pathologic hypertrophy - ANS cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
What is hyperplasia? - ANS increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - ANS regeneration of the liver
example of pathological hyperplasia - ANS endometrial tissue
example of hormonal hyperplasia - ANS enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
What is metaplasia? - ANS replacement of the cells
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