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Module 5: Cytoskeleton, Cell signaling, Cell cycle and Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update
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Module 5: Cytoskeleton, Cell signaling, Cell cycle and Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update
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Module 5: Cytoskeleton, Cell signaling, Cellcycle and Cancer| Qs & As Latest Update
what is the importance of cell cycle check points? - ✔✔They stop the cell cycle if the any of the
DNA is damaged or if processes like DNA replication or chromosome alignment have not been
completed properly
How does a cell stop its progress at one of these checkpoints? - ✔✔A Cdk inhibitor may arrest the
cell cycle progression.
what are 3 functions of kinetochores during mitosis? - ✔✔1. The site of attachment of
the chromosome to microtubules of the mitotic spindle.
2. The site of localization of several microtubule-based motor proteins.
3. A component of an important mitotic checkpoint.
what happens in the cell during prometaphase in mitosis? - ✔✔Chromosomal microtubules attach
to the kinetochores of chromosomes, and chromosomes move to the spindle equator.
What happens in the cell during anaphase in mitosis? - ✔✔The centromeres split, and
chromatids separate. Chromosomes move to opposite spindle poles, and the spindle poles move
farther apart.
what happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? - ✔✔a cleavage furrow is formed between the
two daughter cells.
what happens during cytokinesis in plant cells? - ✔✔cell plate forms
, How do the nuclei formed in mitosis and meiosis differ from one another? (mitosis) - ✔✔The nuclei
formed in mitosis contain pairs of homologous chromosomes and are genetically identical to the mother
cell
How do the nuclei formed in mitosis and meiosis differ from one another? (meiosis) - ✔✔the nuclei
formed in meiosis contain one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes contained by
the parental cell.
What is the main purpose of the process of meiosis? - ✔✔to reduce the number of chromosomes
and genetic variability
What is cell signaling? - ✔✔process by which information is relayed across the plasma membrane
to the cell interior
What 4 things does cell signaling include? - ✔✔1. recognition of the stimulus
2. transfer of the signal across the plasma membrane
3. transmission of the signal to specific effectors
4. cessation of the response
Summarize the basic mechanism by which G proteins switch activities on and off in the cell? -
✔✔G proteins switch from an active state that contains a bound GTP to an inactive state that
contains a bound GDP.
What is a secondary messenger? - ✔✔substance that is released into the interior of the cell as
the result of the binding of a first messenger
what are two substances that act as second messengers? - ✔✔1. cAMP
2. IP3
What is the role of Ras in signaling pathways? - ✔✔Ras is a G protein that is part of many
pathways controlling cell growth.
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