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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS GRADED A+
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM 1
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM 1Henderson-Hasselbach Equation – answer pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
Salting Out (Purification) - answer Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein
precipitates when the charges on the protein match the charges in the solution.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography - answer Separates sample based on size with smaller
molecules eluting later.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography - answer Separates sample based on charge. CM
attracts +, DEAE attracts -. May have repulsion effect on like charges. Salt or acid used
to remove stuck proteins.
Affinity Chromatography - answer Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute
with harsh chemicals or similar ligand.
SDS-PAGE - answer Uses SDS. Gel is made from cross-linked polyacrylamide.
Separates based off of mass with smaller molecules moving faster. Visualized with
Coomassie blue.
DTT (dithiothreitol) - answer Reduces disulfide bonds.
Homologs - answer Shares 25% identity with another gene
Orthologs - answer Similar genes in different organisms
Paralogs - answer Similar "paired" genes in the same organism
glycine – answer gly, g
alanine - answerala, a
leucine - answerleu, l
isoleucine - answerile, i
Proline - answerPro, P
valine - answerval, v
Methionine - answerMet, M
, Phenylalanine - answerPhe, F
tyrosine - answertyr, y
tryptophan - answertrp, w
Cystine - answercys, c
threonine - answerThr, T
serine - answerSer, S
asparagine - answerasn, n
Glutamine - answerGln, Q
aspartic acid - answerasp, d
glutamic acid - answerglu, e
lysine - answerlys, k
histidine - answerhis, h
arginine - answerArg, R
Ramachandran Plot - answerShows favorable phi-psi angle combinations. 3 main
"wells" for α-helices, ß-sheets, and left-handed α-helices.
Glycine Ramachandran Plot - answerGlycine can adopt more angles. (H's for R-group).
Proline Ramachandran Plot - answerProline adopts fewer angles. Amino group is
incorporated into a ring.
α-helices - answerAla is common, Gly & Pro are not very common. Side-chain
interactions every 3 or 4 residues. Turns once every 3.6 residues. Distance between
backbones is 5.4Å.
Helix Dipole - answerFormed from added dipole moments of all hydrogen bonds in an
α-helix. N-terminus is δ+ and C-terminus is δ-.
ß-sheet - answerEither parallel or anti-parallel. Often twisted to increase strength.
Anti-parallel ß-sheet - answerAlternating sheet directions (C & N-termini don't line-up).
Has straight H-bonds.
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