,1. Which brain structure is primarily involved in the
consolidation of long-term memories?
- A) Amygdala
- B) Hippocampus
- C) Cerebellum
- D) Thalamus
- Correct Answer: B) Hippocampus
- Rationale: The hippocampus is crucial for the
consolidation and retrieval of long-term declarative memories.
,3. Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the
synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory?
- A) Dopamine
- B) GABA
- C) Serotonin
- D) Glutamate
- Correct Answer: D) Glutamate
- Rationale: Glutamate is the primary excitatory
neurotransmitter involved in synaptic plasticity mechanisms such as
long-term potentiation (LTP).
, 5. The NMDA receptor is unique because it acts as a coincidence
detector, requiring which two conditions to be met?
- A) Simultaneous presynaptic calcium influx and postsynaptic
magnesium unblock
- B) Simultaneous presynaptic neurotransmitter release and
postsynaptic depolarization
- C) Simultaneous inhibition of GABA and activation of
acetylcholine receptors
- D) Simultaneous action potential back-propagation and
neurotransmitter release
- Correct Answer: B) Simultaneous presynaptic
neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic depolarization
- Rationale: The NMDA receptor requires both glutamate
binding (neurotransmitter release) and postsynaptic membrane
depolarization to remove the magnesium block for ion flow.
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