,1. Which of the following drugs is considered a first-line treatment
for heart failure?
A. Atenolol
B. Lisinopril
C. Amiodarone
D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: B. Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is commonly
used as a first-line treatment for heart failure due to its ability to
reduce the workload on the heart and improve symptoms.
, Rationale: NSAIDs can cause bronchoconstriction and
exacerbate asthma symptoms, thus they should be avoided in
asthmatic patients.
3. In the treatment of hypertension, which drug mechanism is
primarily responsible for the therapeutic effect of calcium channel
blockers?
A. Vasodilation
B. Diuresis
C. Beta-blockade
D. Renin inhibition
Correct Answer: A. Vasodilation
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting the entry
of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells, leading to
vasodilation and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure.
4. When considering drug therapy for a patient with peptic ulcer
disease, which medication promotes mucosal healing by forming a
protective barrier?
A. Omeprazole
B. Ranitidine
C. Sucralfate
D. Metoclopramide
, Correct Answer: C. Sucralfate
Rationale: Sucralfate acts locally to form a protective barrier over
the ulcer site, allowing for healing and providing protection from
acid and pepsin.
5. A patient with chronic kidney disease requires a medication
adjustment. Which pharmacokinetic change is most likely to occur
in this patient?
A. Increased absorption
B. Decreased metabolism
C. Increased distribution
D. Decreased excretion
Correct Answer: D. Decreased excretion
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, the excretion of drugs is
often impaired, leading to an accumulation of drugs and their
metabolites, which necessitates dosage adjustments.
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