Anatomy (structure) provides clues about function; Describes the structures of the body -what they are made of -where they are located -associated structures
Physiology (function) can only be described in terms of the underlying anatomy The study of: -functions of anatomical structures -individual...
Bio 1050 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Anatomy (structure) ✅provides clues about function;
Describes the structures of the body
-what they are made of
-where they are located
-associated structures
Physiology (function) ✅can only be described in terms of the underlying anatomy
The study of:
-functions of anatomical structures
-individual and cooperative functions
Principle of complimentarity of structure and function ✅anatomy depends on
physiology, and physiology depends on anatomy
Cellular respiration occurs ✅within the mitochondrion
Cellular respiration input & output ✅input - glucose, O2
Output - chemical energy (as ATP), C02, H20
Cardiovascular System ✅rhythmic contractions produce the heartbeat and pressurize
blood
Cardio -> ✅heart
Vascular -> ✅blood vessels
The heart rate/pulse ✅is the number of times the heart beats per minute
Blood pressure ✅measures the pressure in the arteries leading to the body from the
left ventricle
-normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmhg
Beating of the heart is part of the cardiac cycle ✅which is made up of a relaxation
phase and contraction phase
, Diastole (diastolic phase) ✅lowest (bottom) ;
1. Atria and ventricles are relaxed, blood flows passively into the atria
Systole (systolic phase) ✅highest (top);
2. Blood is forced into the ventricles as the atria contract...
3. ... And is pumped to the lungs, and to the rest of the body, as the ventricles contract
Arteries and veins ✅Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the
heart.
Cappillaries ✅Smallest of vessels and where the exchanges take place between the
blood and surrounding tissues, exchanging water, nutrients, and waste products;
Nutrients and O2 in the blood are exchanged for cellular waste and CO2 in the tissues
Breathing ✅inhale oxygen, exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor
Principles of gas exchange by diffusion ✅-passive process
1. Gases diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
2. A large surface area facilitates diffusion
3. Diffusion occurs faster over short distances
Oxygen transport ✅by the oxygen-binding pigment hemoglobin
Hemoglobin ✅picks up oxygen in regions of high oxygen concentration and release
oxygen in regions of low concentration; reversible binding
Digestive system ✅main function is to process food, absorb useful nutrients, and
eliminate unusable waste
Digestive tract ✅the main component of human digestive system and consists of a
passageway that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
Accessory glands and organs ✅associated with the digestive system - help break
down food both physically and chemically
Digestion ✅-enters the oral cavity, it is broken down and mixed with saliva from the
salivary glands, which contains enzymes that break down starches in the food
- moist food is pushed into the pharynx and down to the stomach by the muscular
contractions of the esophagus
Protein digestion ✅begins in the stomach, which secretes acid and pepsin to further
break down food particles
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