NUR 311- Test 1 Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 311
Institution
NUR 311
Synergistic drug effect Actions of two or more drugs administered together, whereby an effect produced is greater than if administered separately. (i.e. 1+1>2)
Additive drug effect same class, same therapeutic effect, WORK TOGETHER, minimize side effects
Antagonistic drug effect opposing effec...
NUR 311- Test 1 Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
Synergistic drug effect ✅Actions of two or more drugs administered together, whereby
an effect produced is greater than if administered separately. (i.e. 1+1>2)
Additive drug effect ✅same class, same therapeutic effect, WORK TOGETHER,
minimize side effects
Antagonistic drug effect ✅opposing effects
Agonistic drug effects ✅increase or facilitate activity
Pharmacokinetics ✅what the body does to the drug
1- absorption
2- distribution
3- metabolism
4- elimination
Pharmacokinetics: absorption
- passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active transport
-endocytosis ✅1- Passive diffusion: high to low concentration, most common
2- Facilitated diffusion: high to low concentration, uses protein channels
3- Active transport: uses energy (ATP)
4- Endocytosis: engulfed by cell membrane due to large size
Pharmacokinetics: distribution
-lipophilicity
-blood brain barrier
-blood supply/flow
-capillary permeability
-plasma/tissue binding ✅lipophilia: The chemical attraction of a substance (e.g., drug
molecule) to lipid or fat molecules.
Blood/brain barrier: Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances
enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
-blood supply/flow: increased in brain, decreased in skin
-capillary permeability: increased in liver, decreased in brain
, -plasma/tissue binding: decreased albumin (proteins move slow)
Pharmacokinetics: metabolism
-liver
-cyp450 ✅-liver: metabolizes drug to be used
-cyp450: slows the breakdown of drugs (reduce dose, will be in system longer)
Bioavailability of a drug ✅the amount of drug that is available in blood (plasma)
Half-life of a drug ✅is the time required for one-half of an administered drug to be lost
through metabolism and elimination; different for each drug
Steady state of a drug ✅stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives of the
drug
Variables that affect pharmacokinetics ✅-Absorption: ph, surface area, blood flow
-Distribution: volume of distribution (determines whether drug will concentrate in the
blood or tissues
-Metabolism: cyp450 slows breakdown of drug
-Elimination: function of the kidneys
Safe use of OTC meds and supplements ✅-take as directed
-be sure to ask provider if they are contraindicated for any prescription meds you're
currently taking
-supplements: not regulated by the FDA, doses may be different than advertised
What agency regulates and controls medications? ✅FDA
Off-label drug use ✅Prescribing outside the scope of the FDA-approved indication
label
Difference between brand/trade and generic name drugs ✅-Brand/Trade: more
expensive, company has a patent, more costly
-Generic: prototype of a drug, cheaper, as patents expire, more generics can be
manufactured
-SAME DRUG, may have different fillers
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