Auger Drilling (2 types) - Answer-- Solid: Dry Regions, auger is removed for sample
- Hollow: Sample through auger, faster, *use in Michigan*
-Dis: Disturbed sample
Rotary Drill (Auger with clay slurry) - Answer-- Slurry moves soil up, stabilizes sides by
coating the sides of the hole.
, Wash-boring - Answer-- Drill with jet water
- Floats material out
- Casing required
- ADV: Small unit
- DIS: Disturbed sample, water content
Cone Penetrometer - Answer-- Pushed into ground, records reading
- ADV: provides a continuous record of test results.
- DIS: no lab sample
Drilling Rock - Answer-- Hard rock use diamond carbide tip
- RQD (Rock Quality Design): Rock Sample tested to determine strength
Geophysical Soil Tests - Answer-- Usually with road work
- Fast quick results, may not be as accurate but good for generalities
- Borings still required to determine soil properties
- Test types: seismic and electrical
Seismic Geophysical Soil Test - Answer-- Velocities transmitted through soil
- Greater the density the faster the waves travel
- Sensor picks up waves from explosions
- Dis: Boundaries poorly defined
Electrical Geophysical Soil Test - Answer-- Measures electrical resistance through soil
- Effected by water and ion concentration: More water less resistance. (Clay soils have
the most ions)
Ground Water Table - Answer-- Very Important to know where it is!!
- Effects soil bearing capacity
- Changes with seasons
- Determining water table depth = existing well
Planning for Dewatering System - Answer-- Need to know elevation of ground water
and Permeability of soil
Compaction - Answer-- Improves soil engineering properties
- Process of increasing soil density by removing air from void space
Consolidation - Answer-- Increases the density of saturated (cohesive) soil by expulsion
of water from void spaces.
- Takes months years
Consolidation vs Compaction - Answer-Compaction is quicker than Consolidation,
Consolidation happens over time
Four basic compaction forces - Answer-- Static weight
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