DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Verified A+
Central Nervous System Overview
1. Role of the Central Nervous System: To provide overall control of body functions.
2. Three Subdivisions of the Central Nervous System: - Central Nervous System (CNS) - Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Autonomic...
1. Role of the Central Nervous System: ✅ To provide overall control of body functions.
2. Three Subdivisions of the Central Nervous System: ✅
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Nervous System Structure and Function
1. Cells of the Nervous System: ✅ Neurons
2. Responsibilities of Neurons: ✅ Conduct nerve impulses within the brain and from one body part to
another.
3. Action Potential: ✅ The nerve's threshold of stimulus. An impulse travels along the neuron once the
threshold is reached.
4. Relation to Synapse: ✅ When an impulse reaches the end of the neuron, it can pass to another
neuron across a synapse.
5. Synapse Definition: ✅ A junction between two neurons.
Depolarization/Repolarization
1. Depolarization Explained: ✅ When the outside of a nerve membrane, initially positively charged,
becomes negatively charged due to the movement of charges into the membrane.
2. Substance Involved in Membrane Movement: ✅ Na+ ions (sodium).
3. Wave of Polarization: ✅ The movement of changing charges during depolarization.
4. Repolarization Explained: ✅ After an impulse, nerve fibers become repolarized, regaining their
positive charge.
5. Relation to Local Anesthetics: ✅ Local anesthetics block Na+ ion movement through ion channels,
preventing depolarization and slowing or stopping nerve impulses.
Synapses
, 1. Terminal Button: ✅ The bulge at the end of the nerve that touches the next nerve.
2. Pre-synaptic and Post-synaptic: ✅ The nerve before (pre-synaptic) and after (post-synaptic) the
synapse that is active.
3. Synaptic Cleft: ✅ The gap between two nerves that a nerve impulse must 'jump across.'
4. Substance Dependent on Synapse: ✅ Neurotransmitters.
5. Function of Neurotransmitters: ✅ Enable transmission of the depolarization wave to the next nerve's
receptor sites.
Central Nervous System Parts
1. Definition and Components of CNS: ✅ Overall control center of the body, consisting of the brain and
spinal cord.
2. Parts of the CNS: ✅
- Cerebral Cortex
- Core of the Brain
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
Cerebral Cortex
1. Parts of the Cerebral Cortex: ✅ 2 parts (paired cerebral hemispheres).
2. Main Responsibilities: ✅
- Thought
- Learning
- Memory
- Consciousness
- Sensory perception (pain, heat)
- Initiation of muscle movement
Core of the Brain
1. Main Purpose: ✅ Impulses pass through the core to or from the cerebral cortex.
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