Exam (elaborations)
POL-211 International Relations Final Exam Study Guide,100% CORRECT
- Course
- POL-211
- Institution
- Southern New Hampshire University
POL-211 International Relations Final Exam Study Guide
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POL-211 International Relations Final Exam Study GuideSouthern New Hampshire University
Relations- the study of how states interrelate with one another
-within the international system
-or the set of relationships, rules, and patterns of behavior that exist amongst states
Comparative Politics- the study of different governments and governmental forms
-focuses almost exclusively on the domestic politics of states.
The Peace of Westphalia- pair of treaties signed after the Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
• The war was fought between the great powers of Europe (Spain, France, the
Netherlands, Sweden, etc.) over the Roman Holy Empire
• The treaties set three important principles
1. States are territorial
2. States are sovereign
3. States are equal
The Congress of Vienna - a series of meetings whose purpose was to decide the shape of
Europe after the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
• Reestablished Westphalian principles
• And created a forum for peace management known as the Concert of
Europe.
The Twenty Years Crisis (Who wrote it, what is it about, is this person a realist or
liberal/idealist)-
• The Twenty Years’ Crisis- by Edward Carr (realist) was written in order to counter this
post-WWI intellectual trend
• Some of the reasons given for WWI:
o Nationalism
o Economic Imperialism and Colonial Expansion
o A series of secret alliances
o Arms Races and a Cult of the Offensive
Realism (including knowing some realists)-
• Realism explains international relations as a struggle for power between states in an
, anarchic (or chaotic) world
• Cooperation between states is unlikely and tenuous
• It is the oldest perspective toward world politics (Sun Tzu, Machiavelli, Hobbes)
• Though the younger IR theory (becoming prominent after WWII)
Liberalism/Idealism (including knowing some liberals/idealists)-
• LIBERAL IDEALISM (UTOPIANISM): views world politics as a community of states with
the potential to cooperate.
• Emphasizes international law and organization
• The dominant view of IR study when first created (Woodrow Wilson, John Maynard
Keynes)
• Though the general liberal political theory can be traced back to John Locke (1690)
Balance of Power Theory-
, • Balance of Power Theory—the idea that national security maybe made more
secure when no one state has more power than the rest.
Multipolar system (including whether balancing or bandwagoning is going on)-
Multi-polar system – when a handful of great powers exist (5-6) in the
•
international system
o Each is more or less on equal terms (they can equally threaten each other’s
survival)
o Balancing tends to happen
Bipolar system (including whether balancing or bandwagoning is going on)-
• Bipolar system—when two great states dominate world politics
o These states are on equal terms and alliances tend to be long lasting (NATO and
the Warsaw Pact)
o Bandwagoning tends to happen
Unipolar system-
• Unipolar System—when one state dominates world politics
•
Hegemonic Stability Theory-
• Hegemonic Stability Theory—argues that a condition of extreme stability and order
will be brought about in a unipolar system, because one state will act like a world
government.
• Zero Sum Game- Zero-sum games: when one players gain is equal to the others loss
(two players cannot gain, though it is possible for all to lose equally (-10)(-10))
Non Zero Sum Game-
• Non Zero-sum games: when it is possible for more than one player to gain
▪ May not gain equally
Chicken Game (including what this game is often used for in IR and whether this is a
zero or non zero sum game)-
• The Chicken Game: A game in which the payoff and loss categories are so far apart in
distribution from each other that it yields a situation whereby certain players may, in
attempting to secure the best outcome, risk the worst
o It is a zero sum game used to explain what can happen during a situation of
nuclear threat
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