BCHM 307 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A gaseous mixture of H, H2O, ammonia, and methane produce what biomolecules when exposed to an electric current? - Answer-Amino Acids
/.A strong acid has a low/high pH - Answer-Low
/.Amino acid residues are joined by ________ bonds - Answe...
A gaseous mixture of H, H2O, ammonia, and methane produce what biomolecules
when exposed to an electric current? - Answer-Amino Acids
/.A strong acid has a low/high pH - Answer-Low
/.Amino acid residues are joined by ________ bonds - Answer-peptide
/.An amine group has how many hydrogen bond donors/acceptors? - Answer-Donors- 2
Acceptors- 1
/.An open reading frame is defined by _________ - Answer-a start and stop codon
/.Bacteria typically have fewer than _______ genes
Plants and animals typically have more than _________ genes - Answer-5,000
10,000
/.Categorize the cofactors that aid in catalysis - Answer-Metal Ions
Coenzymes- cosubstrates and prosthetic groups
/.Coenzymes NAD+, FAD, and CoA all contain a derivative of __________ - Answer-
Adenosine
/.Define a buffer and indicate what it is composed of - Answer-a solution that resists
changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it
Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts.
/.Define amphipathic - Answer-having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
/.Define an enzyme - Answer-a catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction
Usually a protein, but doesn't have to be
/.Define Biochemistry - Answer-Explaining life at a molecular level
/.Define dipole - Answer-created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a
short distance
/.Define electronegativity - Answer-a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a
bonding pair of electrons
/.Define prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Answer-Prokaryotes- small, unicellular
organisms-- no nucleus-- no endomembrane system-- ex: bacteria
,Eukaryotes- large multicellular or unicellular organisms-- have nucleus and
endomembrane system
/.Deoxyribose lacks a _______ on carbon _______ - Answer-Alcohol
2
/.Depict blood buffer system equation - Answer-
/.Describe an exergonic reaction - Answer-Occurs without the addition of free energy
Is spontaneous
Will have more products than reactions at equilibrium
delta G < 0
/.Describe how the three reversible inhibitors affect the Line-weaver burk plots (draw the
graphs) - Answer-Competitive- increases Km, doesn't affect Vmax
Non-Competitive- Decreases Vmax
Un-Competitive- decreases both Km and Vmax
/.Describe the base pairing and number of H-bonds between them - Answer-A-T (2 H-
bonds)
C-G (3 H-bonds)
/.Describe the four levels of protein structure. - Answer-Primary- sequence of amino
acids
Secondary- first 3D structure (H-bonding)
Tertiary- folded polypeptide (hydrophobic effect)
Quaternary- interactions between multiple polypeptide chains (not in all proteins)
/.Describe the Structure and Function of Amino Acids - Answer-Structure: Amino group,
carboxyl group, and side chain (R-group)
Function: Polymerize into proteins (build proteins)
/.Describe the structure and function of carbohydrates - Answer-Structure: (CH2O)n
Function: Provide Energy
/.Describe the structure and function of lipids - Answer-Structure: Variety of structures
Function: provide energy
/.Describe the structure and function of nucleotides - Answer-Structure: Made up of
nitrogenous base, 5-Carbon sugar deoxyribose, and phosphate group
Function: Carry genetic information
/.Describe the structure of amino acids and how they link together to form polypeptides -
Answer-Amino acids have an amino group, H, central carbon, carboxyl group, and a
varying R group
, They form peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis (condensation rxn) between the
amino group of one and the carboxyl group of another.
/.Describe three instances where enzymes do not follow Michaelis Menten Kinetics -
Answer-Some enzymes have multiple substrates
Some enzyme-catalyzed reactions have many steps
Allosteric Enzymes- the binding of a substrate at one active site induces more to bind
(cooperative binding like with hemoglobin)
/.Describe what is meant by a coupled reaction - Answer-A coupled reaction is when the
energy required for an endergonic reaction is supplied by and exergonic reaction
/.Describe what's unique about Cysteine - Answer-It contains sulfur and can form
disulfide bonds
These bonds facilitate crosslinking (increased stability)
/.Describe what's unique about methionine - Answer-It contains Sulfur in its R-group
It is the start of the polypeptide
/.Describe what's unique about Proline - Answer-It's side chain links back onto its
backbone
This constrains the overall shape of the polypeptide by putting a kink in it (can't be in a
alpha helix)
/.Describe what's unique about Tryptophan - Answer-It is present in all proteins (in small
amounts)
It is the only amino acid with a fused ring system
It absorbs UV light
/.Diagram the normal relationship between rxn rate and substrate concentration -
Answer-It is a hyperbolic curve
/.Differentiate between amylose and amylopectin - Answer-Amylose- linear polymer of
glucose
Amylopectin- branched polymer of glucose
/.Discuss the formation of collagen fibers by crosslinking - Answer-Covalently
crosslinked by lysine residues
Crosslinking occurs via enzyme catalyzed oxidation
More crosslinks are added with time
/.Discuss the properties of strong/weak acids/bases. - Answer-Strong Acid- very likely to
dissociate (lose +)
Weak Acid- unlikely to dissociate
Strong Base- very likely to dissociate (form OH-)
Weak base- unlikely to dissociate
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