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BIO 101 TERRANOVA TEST 5
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BIO 101 TERRANOVA TEST 5
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BIO 101 TERRANOVA TEST 510.a What are the components and shape of a DNA molecule? - Answers -- phosphate
- deoxyribose sugar
- nitrogen bases
double helix
State how the four nitrogen bases found in DNA are paired with one another. - Answers
-adenine (A)
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
uracil (U)
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
10.b What do different regions on chromosomes correspond to? - Answers -different
genes
What do different nitrogen bases on matching regions of homologous chromosomes
correspond to - Answers -different alleles of a gene
10.c Why is DNA replication necessary in a cell's life cycle? - Answers -necessary for
cell division
When does it occur in a cell's life cycle? - Answers -interphase (S phase)
State the steps of DNA replication. - Answers -an enzyme unwinds DNA double-helix
a different enzyme attaches complementary DNA nucleotides to each original half
results in two identical sister chromatids (a double stranded chromosome)
What is the result of DNA replication? - Answers -two identical sister chromatids
10.d State the structural differences between DNA and RNA. - Answers -RNA:
contains RIBOSE sugar
pairs uracil (U) with adenine (A)
no thymine
one sided (no double helix)
DNA:
contains DEOXYRIBOSE sugar
pairs thymine (T) with adenine (A)
double helix
, 10.e Describe how the process of transcription occurs and how it is involved in making
proteins. - Answers -an enzyme unwinds a section of DNA
at the site of the gene to be expressed, a different enzyme attaches complementary
RNA nucleotides to one half of the DNA double helix
after the mRNA sequence is done being transcribed, it releases from the DNA
What specific molecules are involved in transmutation and where in a cell does it take
place? - Answers -enzymes
nucleus
10.f Define introns and exons. - Answers -introns: regions of genes that do not code for
any proteins
exons: coding regions of genes
How is mRNA modified right after transcription? - Answers -cap and tail is added to the
mRNA
Describe the functions of a cap and tail. - Answers -cap and tail help mRNA leave
nucleus, protect it, and help it join to a ribosome
10.g Describe how the process of translation occurs and how it is involved in making
proteins. This description should use the following terms accurately: mRNA, ribosome,
mRNA codon, tRNA anticodon, amino acid, start codon, stop codon, and polypeptide. -
Answers -mRNA goes to ribosome
a tRNA goes to ribosome... at an mRNA start codon
anticodon of tRNA binds to codon of mRNA
a.a. of tRNA bind together (by enzymes)
process continues until an mRNA stop codon is read
a protein (polypeptide) is now formed
Where in a cell does translation take place? - Answers -cytoplasm
10.h Given a chart of the genetic code, be able to figure out the proper mRNA codon,
tRNA anticodon, and amino acid sequence from any DNA sequence.
SHORT ANSWER - Answers -ppt
10.i What are mutations? - Answers -changes in DNA bases
what causes mutations? - Answers -caused by errors in DNA replication or crossing-
over, radiation, certain chemicals, etc.
13.e Explain how an essay written by the economist Thomas Malthus influenced the
way that Charles Darwin thought about how populations evolve in nature. - Answers -
Thomas Malthus thought that disease, famine, and war were caused by human
populations increasing faster than food supplies and other resources
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