HMX Immunology Final Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - Answer✔️✔️-Dendritic cells,
macrophages, and mast cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - Answer✔️✔️-
Monocytes and neutrophils
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) - Answer✔️✔️-Macrophages and
neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - Answer✔️✔️-
Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a
microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and
waste
General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release
them?) - Answer✔️✔️-Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast
cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel
endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? -
Answer✔️✔️-Mast cell
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood
vessel walls? - Answer✔️✔️-Adhesion molecules
E-Selectin - Answer✔️✔️-An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down
circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand - Answer✔️✔️-A ligand expressed by circulating
leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate
immune response
ICAM-1 - Answer✔️✔️-An adhesion molecule that helps circulating
leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
(high-affinity interaction)
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) - Answer✔️✔️-A class of adhesion
molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a
high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest - Answer✔️✔️-When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop
within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can
enter the tissue
Pus - Answer✔️✔️-Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result
of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview - Answer✔️✔️-Autoimmune disease that can cause skin
plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating
into the skin and initiating an inflammatory response
Psoriasis risk factors - Answer✔️✔️-History of strep infections, skin injury,
first degree relative with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis - Answer✔️✔️-A pro-inflammatory cytokine
expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts
directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) - Answer✔️✔️-Target the pro-inflammatory
cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion
molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting directly
on epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules -
Answer✔️✔️-Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry
into tissue
Most abundant leukocyte - Answer✔️✔️-Neutrophils
What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? -
Answer✔️✔️-Extracellular bacterial infections
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell - Answer✔️✔️-A type of sentinel cell that detects
viruses and releases type 1 interferons
Type 1 Interferons (Type 1 IFNs) function and the cell that is most efficient
at producing them - Answer✔️✔️-Group of cytokines that activate the
antiviral state during viral infection; Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
The Antiviral State - Answer✔️✔️-Protective state that cells enter in response
to Type I Interferons; proteins that can bind to viral double-stranded RNA
are produced, infected cells will die, RNAse activity is induced
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SophiaBennett. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
