NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS) Exam Study Guide
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Course
NYSTCE
Institution
NYSTCE
NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam Study Guide.
Behaviorism - answerpeople's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - answermeant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - answermeant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - a...
NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam Study Guide.
Behaviorism - answer✔✔people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - answer✔✔meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - answer✔✔meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - answer✔✔involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - answer✔✔taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - answer✔✔involves giving someone something that he or she does not
want
Negative punishment - answer✔✔involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - answer✔✔decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing
reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - answer✔✔a philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge
through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - answer✔✔learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - answer✔✔people learn best from other people who
are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - answer✔✔focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the
problem
4 Steps to PBL - answer✔✔1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories
to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to
compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - answer✔✔a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of
society
Critical theory in education - answer✔✔is about questioning how our educational system can
best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - answer✔✔poorer schools can have a harder time getting
technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than
middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism - answer✔✔a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning - answer✔✔involves students learning what they want and need to learn,
not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators - answer✔✔things outside of a person that motivate them to do something.
Self-evaluation - answer✔✔thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners - answer✔✔people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning - answer✔✔involves storing and accessing information in memory
information processing theory of learning - answer✔✔information from the world around us
moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
working memory - answer✔✔storage of memories that occurred only a few seconds in the past
long-term memory - answer✔✔memories that are stored for a person to access later
cognitive load - answer✔✔having too much information in working memory and not being able
to remember anything
chunking - answer✔✔grouping information together to help remember it
Automaticity - answer✔✔process of making a task automatic
Pragmatism - answer✔✔an educational philosophy that says that education should be about life
and growth; teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage
them to grow into better people
practical learning - answer✔✔education should apply to the real world
experiential learning - answer✔✔education should come through experience
Progressivism - answer✔✔the idea that education does from the experience of the child
whole child - answer✔✔teaching students to be good citizens and not just good learners
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