NURS 309 Exam 1 Study Guide
Pharmacokinetics - answerChanges that occur to the drug while it is inside the body.
Movement of the drug particles inside the body
Pharmacotherapeutics - answerThe desired, therapeutic effect of the drug. What the expected
outcome for the taken drug
Pharmacodynmics...
Pharmacokinetics - answer✔✔Changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body.
Movement of the drug particles inside the body
Pharmacotherapeutics - answer✔✔The desired, therapeutic effect of the drug. What the expected
outcome for the taken drug
Pharmacodynmics - answer✔✔The effects of the drug on the body. How the body changes in
reaction to the drug
Contraindications/Precautions - answer✔✔The conditions under which the drug should not be
used or must be used carefully with monitoring
Adverse effects - answer✔✔The unintended and usually undesired effects that may occur with
the use of the drug
Drug interactions - answer✔✔The effects that may occur when the drug is given along with
another drug, food, or substance
Health status - answer✔✔Chronic medical conditions, acute conditions, current meds, allergies,
lab values, vitals. Assess functioning of body system and organs. Components of complete drug
Life span and gender - answer✔✔Age & gender. Muscle mass, weight, activity/exercise,
sleep/rest. Patients developmental level, ability to read and write, ability to understand directions.
Needed to plan pt eduction on drug therapy including the nurses approach and teaching methods.
Lifestyle, diet and habits - answer✔✔Occupation, finances, substance use exercise, supplements,
complimentary meds, tobacco/nicotine/alcohol/iliicit drugs/caffeine.
The nurse ask questions about pt lifestyle because they can use a potential effect on drug therapy
Environment - answer✔✔Where will the drug be administered
*Most drug therapy now occurs outside of hospitals. Need to educate them before discharge.
May give clues to the pt adherence to the drug regimen or to potential risks from the therapy.
General factors to assess include cleanliness, lighting, adequate heat, water, and refrigeration.
Culture & inherited traits - answer✔✔Cultural beliefs, some don't believe in meds. Give them
the respect to do unharmful practices. Genetic trains may affect kinetics/dynamics. Worry about
the pt safety at all times first. Consider beliefs second, as long as beliefs not harming themselves.
Affects the patients acceptance of prescribed drug therapy. Religions restrictions or cultural
practices may affect the patients acceptance of drug
Nurse management of drug therapy - answer✔✔The process of planning and implementing
actions that will maximize the therapeutic effects and minimize the adverse effects of a drug.
Nurse considers core drug knowledge and core pt variables and determines potential interactions
between them. Educate pt and family
Assessment
Diagnosis& outcome identification
Planning
Intervention
Evaluation - answer✔✔Nursing process (5):
85%
50% - answer✔✔Approximately ____% of adults 65 and older are receiving one prescription per
month.
Almost _____% of adults aged 65 and up are receiving 3 or more prescriptions a month
Core drug knowledge - answer✔✔The first step for a nurse is to identify the
__________________ relevant to a patients drug therapy. How much do they know?
Prototype Drug - answer✔✔Typical of a medication within a drug class.
usually the first drug of a class
Drug has similar characteristics to all drugs in class of drugs
Provides systematic way to increase knowledge of medication
Pt interview and history
Physical exam
Medical record - answer✔✔3 sources of assessment data:
Core patient variables - answer✔✔Assessment of the ________________________ also allows
the nurse to predict to some degree the future needs of the patient
Circulatory systems - answer✔✔Patients who are very active and who exercise are likely to have
better __________________than those who are inactive
lifestyle choices - answer✔✔______________________ affect the distribution of drugs within
the body
Physical examination - answer✔✔Focuses on health status, life span and gender. Must be
comprehensive. Physical assessment of each body system to provide info about disease and
illness. Vital signs for baseline date. Height and weight.
Medical record - answer✔✔Provides information about the patients health status, lifestyle, diet,
habits, and environment. Areas that are specifically important include labs and diagnostic test
results. Nurse must review all diagnostic findings paying special attention to those findings
relevant to body systems at risk for adverse effects from currently used drugs. Drug history.
Kidney problems - answer✔✔Increase of creatinine =?
Nursing Outcomes - answer✔✔Determine the desired results. Based on date collected. Specific
to the patients drug regimen.
Maximizing therapeutic effects - answer✔✔Administer the drug in a manner that will promote
its absorption. Administer at appropriate time to maintain blood levels of the drug that will
promote therapeutic effects. Monitor lab values when appropriate to determine that the
prescribed dose achieves a therapeutic drug level. 6 rights mainly used here
Minimizing adverse effects - answer✔✔Verify the its allergies. Assess for contraindication for
the drug therapy. Administer drug in a manner consistent with standard safety protocols. Monitor
pt and relevant lab findings. Withhold drug based on findings. Report evidence of adverse effects
to prescriber ASAP. Modify administration techniques. Implement appropriate assessment for
certain drugs`
Core drug knowledge - answer✔✔Understand drug's response.
Patient education - answer✔✔The goal of ___________________ is for the individual pt to
understand the drug and its effects well enough to self medicate safely and effectively and to
monitor the drug response
Name
Reason
Intended effect
Adverse effects - answer✔✔Basics of teaching pt and family about drug therapy:
_________ of the drug
____________ drug was prescribed
____________ effect of drug
Important ________________ that may occur
What to do if miss dose
Evaluation - answer✔✔Measures the pt progress
Consider whether the drug achieved the desired effect.
Must identify the reason behind any treatment failure
report/ document treatment failure
Plants - answer✔✔Due to primitive times. Common drugs include digitalis (purple foxglove),
morphine (opium poppy) and vincristine (periwinkle). Classified according the their physical and
chemical properties
Animals - answer✔✔Have a specific antigen so our bodies consider it as foreign, so usually
chemist have to genetically adjust it. Include agents such as: insulin, pituitary hormones,
vitamins, antibiotics, biologic agents
Purity - answer✔✔The advantage of genetically engineered drugs in their? Because no foreign
proteins are involved, they do not induce antibody production
Synthetic chemicals - answer✔✔Most drugs used today are either partially or wholly synthetic
chemical compounds that have been produced in a lab. Partially synthetic agent contains a
derivative of a natural substance combined with pure chemical. Ex: penicillin V (modified to be
given orally)
Pharmacodynamic change - answer✔✔An advantage of synthetic drugs is that they are pure
chemicals, less affected by___________________________, potency and stability. They are also
usually less expensive to produce than drugs from a natural source
DNA technologies - answer✔✔Genetically engineered drugs are developed using?
Genomics - answer✔✔Study and identification of genes and gene function
Proteonomics - answer✔✔Study of protein structures
Transcriptomics - answer✔✔Development and differentiation of a cell
Metabolonomics - answer✔✔Individual patients response to drugs
Pharmacogenomics - answer✔✔How genetics variable affect pharmacodynamics to a drug-
predict sensitivity or resistance to an individual
Chemical name - answer✔✔Precisely describes the drug's atomic and molecular structure. What
makes up the drug
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