Exam (elaborations)
GIA Colored Stones Assignment 25 Lapis Lazuli, Turquoise, and Other Opaque Gems
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GIA Colored Stones Assignment 25 Lapis Lazuli, Turquoise, and Other Opaque Gems
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GIA Colored StonesAssignment 25: Lapis
Lazuli, Turquoise, and
Other Opaque Gems
Lapis, Turquoise - answer __________ and
______________ are prime examples of opaque colored
stones that are marketed both as gems for jewelry
and as ornamental materials.
Latin - answer Lapis Lazuli- the name is derived
for the _________ for "blue stone"
cosmetics - answer Ancient Egyptians ground
Lapis into a powder for use in _____________.
mosaics - answer Medieval builders used Lapis in
___________ to adorn their cathedrals.
ultramarine - answer Renaissance painters
coveted Lapis as an ingredient or making
"u_______________" blue, an expensive pigment of
unrivaled brightness and stability.
,Egyptian - answer More than 5,500 years ago,
_____________ pharaohs adorned themselves with
turquoise extracted from the Sinai Desert.
turquoise - answer More than 3,000 years ago,
Chinese artisans shaped ceremonial figurines from
______________, and China allowed the mining of
choice stones only by special order of the emperor.
North American - answer ___________ ______________
civilizations amassed turquoise as a source of
wealth long before Columbus' arrival.
centuries - answer For ____________, miners have
extracted fine lapis lazuli from harsh and perilous
terrain.
lapis - answer In recent times, violence and
destruction have accompanied _____________ mining.
(The gem is often blasted from its host rock with
enough dynamite to trigger cave-ins and even scar
the rough itself. Conflict in Afghanistan, the major
source of the gem propted many people to convert
their traditional treasure into money for weapons.)
,6500 - answer Historians believe that the link
between man and lapis lazuli stretches back more
than _________ years. (It was treasured by the
ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China,
Greece and Rome. It was prized as much as other
blue gems like sapphire and turquoise.)
Afghanistan - answer Badakhshan, a province in
present-day __________________, is a forbidding
wasteland of mountains, bare of any vegetation.
The sheer mountain faces rise as high as 17,000ft,
and are scored with treacherous ravines. Humans
make their way there to seek one thing only: the
azure treasure that is fine lapis lazuli. (The same
was true as far back as 700 BC, when the region
was part of a country known as Bactira.
Afghanistan - answer The world's oldest known
commercial gemstone sources are Lapis mines in
________________ (Bactria).
Bactria - answer Merchant caravans transported
their precious Lapis across ____________ on their way
to Greece, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia
along The Silk Road. (Marco Polo referred to the
area's lapis mines in 1271, but few outsiders have
seen them because of their inhospitable location.)
, aggregate - answer Lapis lazuli is a rock, which is
an _____________ of several minerals.
lazurite, calcium, pyrite - answer Lapis lazuli
contains three minerals in varying amounts:
l___________, c__________, and p__________. Sometimes it
also contains one or more of the following:
diopside, amphibole, feldspar, and mica.
calcite - answer Lapis frequently contains varying
amounts of whitish ___________ matrix- the host rock
that surrounds the gem.
pyrite - answer The flecks or veins of glinting
yellow in lapis are made of ___________.
5, 6 - answer Lapis is semitranslucent to opaque,
of fair toughness, with a waxy to vitreous luster.
Its hardness ranges from _____ to _____ on the Mohs
scale, depending on the mix of minerals.
violetish - answer Lapis lazuli's finest color is
___________ blue, medium to dark in tone, and highly
saturated. In its most-prized form, it has no visible
calcite, although it might have gold-colored pyrite
flecks. (The lowest-quality lapis looks dull and
greenish, the result of an excess of pyrite, or has
visible streaks of white calcite.)
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