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MCPHS Pathophys Test 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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MCPHS Pathophys Test 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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MCPHS PathophysTest 1 Questions
and Complete
Solutions Graded
A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,Pathophysiology - Answer: Study of the disordered physiological processes
associated with disease or injury
Etiology - Answer: Cause of disease, can be genetic (inherited mutations or variants) or Acquired
(Infection, nutrition, chemical, physical). Usually multifactorial
Pathogenesis - Answer: sequence of cellular, biochemical, and molecular events that follow exposure to
an injurious agent
Cellular Housekeeping - Answer: Normal cell function including protection, movement, nutrition,
communication, catabolism, and energy generation. These genes are constantly active
Plasma Membrane - Answer: Phospholipid bilayer for protection and nutrient acquisition. passive
diffution of small nonpolar molecules (O2, CO2, Steroids)
Channel Protein - Answer: Hydrophillic pores in membrane that allow passive diffusion of solutes
Carrier protein - Answer: Protein in cell membrane the changes conformation to permit active diffusion
across membrane
Receptor mediated transport - Answer: Endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis
Microtubules - Answer: Cytoskeletal protein - Thickest, most versatile, maintains cell shape, mitosis
aide, can form flagella/cilia
Intermediate filaments - Answer: Cytoskeletal protein - Medium size, maintains cell shape
Actin microfilaments - Answer: Cystoskeletal protein- thinnest, give shape, allow transport between
organelles
Occluding Junction (tight junction) - Answer: Prevents diffusion of molecules between cells
(paracellular)
, Anchoring junctions (desmosomes) - Answer: Attach cells and intracellular cytoskeletons to other cells
or the ECM. Small gap between cells allowing substances to pass in between
Communication Junctions (gap junctions) - Answer: 1/5-2nm pores (called connexons) allowing cell to
cell communications
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answer: Site of synthesis of transmembrane proteins and lipids (Rough ER
has ribosomes)
Chaperone Molecules - Answer: retain proteins in ER until protein folding is complete
Smooth ER - Answer: Synthesize steroid hormones (in gonads/adrenals), catabolize lipid soluble
molecules (in liver), and sequester intracellular calcium (for apoptosis)
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Answer: Smooth ER in muscle cells holding calcium for muscle contration
Golgi Apparatus - Answer: process and pack secretory proteins
Lysosomal degredation - Answer: Break down "anything" with hydrolases (pH<5)
Heterophagy - Answer: Endosomes or phagosomes fuse with
lysosomes to facilitate the degradation
of their internalized contents
Autophagy - Answer: Senescent organelles or denatured
proteins are encircled with a double
membrane which fuses with the
lysosome and degraded
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