NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers
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Course
NR 283
Institution
NR 283
NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And
Correct Answers
Osetoporosis - answerDecreased Bone Mineral Density
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - answerBone remodeling leads to increased bone
reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures.
Increased ost...
NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And
Correct Answers
Osetoporosis - answer✔✔Decreased Bone Mineral Density
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - answer✔✔Bone remodeling leads to increased bone
reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures.
Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity.
Risk factors for Osteoporosis - answer✔✔1. Postmenopausal women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking
Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer✔✔1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of
cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints
Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer✔✔Osteoarthritis is a
degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage breaks down causing stiff joints and pain.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional symptoms include fever and
affects all synovial joints.
Acute Pain - answer✔✔Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be
classified as somatic, visceral, or referred.
Neuropathic pain - answer✔✔Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e. Fibromyalgia
Pain management - answer✔✔What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of
pain signals.
Neurotransmitters - answer✔✔What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to
communicate with a brain.
Pain Transduction - answer✔✔Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory neuron's axon that
responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending possible threat signals to the
spinal cord and the brain
Pain transmission - answer✔✔What pain pathway signal goes to the central nervous system
Pain perception - answer✔✔Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal
Pain threshold - answer✔✔Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to perceive pain.
This pathway is the same for everyone
Pain tolerance - answer✔✔The amount of pain the body can handle before you involuntarily
remove the stimuli.
Afferent - answer✔✔The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system
Efferent - answer✔✔When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the peripheral
nervous system tell somebody how to react.
Endorphins - answer✔✔Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent pain transmission
signals.
Serotonin and GABA - answer✔✔What chemical reduces translation of pain. This usually
happens after the labor/childbirth
Seizures - answer✔✔This condition as a result of massive firing of neurons all at the same time.
Why are seizures life-threatening? - answer✔✔Can cause aspiration, trauma, hypoxia,
hypoglycemia.
What are typical causes of seizures? - answer✔✔Metabolic, congenital, genetic, prenatal,
trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease, drugs and alcohol abuse.
Preictal phase (prodromal) - answer✔✔Seizure phase where the patient experiences nausea,
irritabliliy, muscle twitching, and hours before the event.
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