MCAT Bio/Biochem Exam Questions And
Correct Answers
What happens during non competitive binding? - answer✔✔binds at allosteric site
How are peptide bonds formed? Broken? - answer✔✔dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
What is the tertiary structure of a protein? - answer✔✔3D structure including bending from
hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions R groups
What is the quaternary structure of a protein? - answer✔✔interactions between different
polypeptide chains in proteins composed of more than one polypeptide (subunit interaction)
How are carbohydrates broken down into CO2? - answer✔✔oxidation through combustion
How are carbohydrates linked? - answer✔✔glycosidic linkages through a dehydration reaction
What is sucrose? - answer✔✔glucose + fructose
What is lactose? - answer✔✔glucose + galactose
What is maltose? - answer✔✔glucose + glucose
What is cellulose? - answer✔✔glucose + glucose
What is starch? - answer✔✔storage form of glucose in plants
glycogen
What do alpha linkages look like? Beta? - answer✔✔alpha: H points up, straight bond with O
What is another name for lipophilic? - answer✔✔hydrophobic
What is Z? E? - answer✔✔Z: cis
E: trans
What are fatty acid stored as? - answer✔✔fat
What do lipase do? - answer✔✔break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Why are fats more efficient energy storage molecules than carbohydrates? - answer✔✔packging:
hydrophobicity allows fats to pack together more closely
energy content: more than carbohydrates
Does decreasing lipid tail increase or decrease fluidity? - answer✔✔increase
What doe steroids look like? How are they made? - answer✔✔cholesterol
What is an anhydride linkage? - answer✔✔two phosphates bond together to form pyrophosphate
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - answer✔✔Energy can be transferred and
transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - answer✔✔Every energy transfer or transformation
increases the entropy of the universe.
What is the enthalpy equation? - answer✔✔H = E + PV
Is a negative G endergonic or exergonic? - answer✔✔exergonic
What is the Gib's free energy equations? - answer✔✔
What does a catalyst or enzyme do? Is a catalyst or enzyme used up in a reaction? -
answer✔✔lowers activation ennergy, does not change delta G
How do we produce glucose? - answer✔✔oxidative catabolism
What is a nucleoside? - answer✔✔base + sugar (no phosphate)
Do purines have one or two rings? - answer✔✔two
Do pyrimidines have one or two rings? - answer✔✔one
How are nucleotides linked? - answer✔✔3'OH-5'P phosphodiester bond
How is the double helix held together? - answer✔✔Weak hydrogen bonds between the pairs of
bases
Vaan der Waals
What does DNA gyrase do? - answer✔✔unwinds DNA using ATP
What are kinetochores? - answer✔✔The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a
spindle fiber during division.
What are telomeres? - answer✔✔DNA at the tips of chromosomes
6-8 bp long and guanine rich
What are copy number variants? - answer✔✔genomic loci that are present in some cells or
individuals with extra or fewer copies
What are tandem repeats? - answer✔✔repetitive segments of DNA that do not code for proteins
unstable
Where does translation happen? - answer✔✔ribosome
What are the stop codons? - answer✔✔UAA, UAG, UGA
What are the start codons? - answer✔✔AUG (methionine)
What phase does DNA replicate? - answer✔✔S phase of interphase
What is helicase? - answer✔✔Unzips DNA at point of origin
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