MileDown MCAT Biology Exam Questions
And Correct Answers
Nucleoid region - answer✔✔DNA region in prokaryotes
Nucleolus - answer✔✔Makes ribosomes. Sit in nucleus, no membrane
Peroxisomes - answer✔✔collect and break down material
rough ER - answer✔✔accept mRNA to make proteins
smooth ER - answer✔✔detox and make lipids
golgi apparatus - answer✔✔modify/distribute proteins. only in eukaryotes
vesicular transport - answer✔✔Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma
membranes
cisternal maturation - answer✔✔The process of cargo movement through the Golgi apparatus by
residing in cisternae that mature from cis to trans via the import and export of different Golgi
enzymes.
peroxisomes - answer✔✔collect and break down material
centrioles - answer✔✔9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart
lysosomes - answer✔✔demo and recycling center. made by golgi, single membrane
plasmids - answer✔✔in prokaryotes. Carry DNA. not necessary for survival
bacilli - answer✔✔Rod shaped bacteria
cocci - answer✔✔spherical bacteria
spirilla - answer✔✔spiral shaped bacteria
obligate aerobe - answer✔✔requires O2
obligate anaerobe - answer✔✔dies in the presence of oxygen
facultative anaerobe - answer✔✔toggle between aerobic/anaerobic
stroma - answer✔✔the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of
connective tissues and blood vessels.
transformation - answer✔✔A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of
external DNA by a cell.
conjugation - answer✔✔transfer of genetic info via conjugation bridge. F+ --> F- or Hfr -->
recipient
transduction - answer✔✔transfer using bacteriophage
Transposons - answer✔✔genetic elements capable of inserting and removing themselves from
the genome
capsid - answer✔✔protein coat
envelope - answer✔✔some viruses have this additional surrounding lipid bilayer membrane
virion - answer✔✔complete virus particle
bacteriophage - answer✔✔A virus that infects bacteria
viral genome - answer✔✔may be DNA or RNA. Single or double stranded
positive sense - answer✔✔single strand - can be translated by host cell
negative sense - answer✔✔single strand - RNA replicase must synthesize a complimentary
strand, which can then be translated
Retrovirus - answer✔✔single stranded RNA. Reverse transcriptase needed to make DNA
lytic cycle - answer✔✔Bacteriophage life cycle in which the virus takes over the operation of the
bacterium immediately upon entering it makes virions until cell lyses
lysogenic cycle - answer✔✔Bacteriophage life cycle in which the virus integrates into genome
as provirus or prophage. Goes dormant until stress activates it.
G1 - answer✔✔make mRNA and proteins to prep for mitosis
G0 - answer✔✔a cell will enter this phase if it does not need to divide
G1 checkpoint - answer✔✔cell decides if it should divide. P53 is in charge
S1 - answer✔✔phase where DNA is replicated
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