RTF305 Finals Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Course
RTF 305
Institution
RTF 305
RTF305 Finals Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Digital Convergence - Answer️️ -- Intersection of:
o digital format (writing, sound, pictures)
o media technologies with computers (books, tv)
o corporations that deal with these situations (Disney, Apple)
o social processes that deal...
RTF305 Finals Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Digital Convergence - Answer✔️✔️-- Intersection of:
o digital format (writing, sound, pictures)
o media technologies with computers (books, tv)
o corporations that deal with these situations (Disney, Apple)
o social processes that deal with these (news, education, entertainment
- Allows for the collaboration of different types of media forms in a new
digital format
- Ex. Smartphone
Economic Convergence - Answer✔️✔️-- The notion that globalization will
result in the world's poorer countries gradually catching up *with more
advanced economies
- (explanation during the review session) global economy, free trade of
nations
Conglomeration - Answer✔️✔️-- Big businesses or corporations that own
seemingly unrelated holdings. They are made up of diverse parts from
across several media industries and are involved in multiple areas of
business activity.
- Ex. Disney (combined multiple parts of business from movie to storybook
to theme parks)
Evolution to an information society - Answer✔️✔️-- The evolution and
progression of communication formats through time:
- Oral communication (pre-agricultural) >> Written/Print communication
(agricultural) >> Mass communication (industrial) >> Digital (information)
Oral Communication - Answer✔️✔️-- Pre-agricultural society, was bound by
time and space. prevalent in pre-agricultural societies of hunters and
gatherers who depended on spoken word to communicate within the
community. Stories were passed down through generations by the power
of speech and memory. Because these societies were small and community-
based, communication did not need to transcend the realms of space and
time. Today stories that originated as oral communication exist in fairytales
and folktales.
Written Communication - Answer✔️✔️-- When agricultural societies
developed they became more settled and complex. Many were still
illiterate but those who were literate, mostly the upper class, could use
writing as an easier way to preserve stories than oral communication.
Writing, unlike the spoken word can more easily transcend time and space
boundaries. At this time, The Bible and the Koran were copied by hand and
had a large influence as some of the first written works.
Industrial society and communication - Answer✔️✔️-- The Industrial
Revolution extended Gutenberg's methods to the manufacture of not just
newsprint, but virtually all types of goods. Industrial production ( and
higher wages) was centered in large cities, triggering a mass migration
from rural areas to cities and from agricultural jobs to manufacturing.
Growing urban populations with money to spend on manufactured goods
provided ready audiences as newspapers expanded to become the first
advertising supported medium of mass communication.
Impact of Digital Media on Society - Answer✔️✔️-- The media and society
have always adapted to one another.
- The first consumer communications medium to be digitilized was the
telephone.
First copy costs & Marginal costs - Answer✔️✔️-- First copy costs a lot
- Especially "blockbuster" films, but others too
- Marginal costs for manufactured copies, "no" cost when digital
Economies of Scale - Answer✔️✔️-- When a large firm can produce a lot of
units at a low cost when smaller firms cannot compete
- Result when unit costs go down as production quantities increase
(definition from book)
Vertical & Horizontal integration - Answer✔️✔️-- Vertical- When a company
with the same owner handles different aspects of a business (within the
same industry), such as film production and distribution
- Horizontal- The concentration of ownership by acquiring companies that
are all the same business
Cross-Ownership - Answer✔️✔️-- When one firm owns different media
outlets in the same area to limit/control competition (i.g clear channel)
Monopoly, Oligopoly, & Duopoly - Answer✔️✔️-- Monopoly- one firm
dominates the industry
ex: Clear Channel Radio
- Oligopoly- few firms dominate the industry
ex: network television (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, etc.)
- Duopoly- two competing firms dominate the industry
ex: apple and microsoft
Political Economy - Answer✔️✔️-- Analyzes patterns of class domination
and economic power
- Inspired by Karl Marx, who wrote that society is based on the relations
between those who own the means of production and those who work for
them.
- In this view, it is the owner's interest that are reflected by media and
culture, because the dominant groups in society-usually those who own the
major corporations- want to create an underlying consensus, or
hedgemony, of ideology favoring their continued domination
Gatekeeping - Answer✔️✔️-- Deciding what will appear in the media
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