MLSC 357 Final Test Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
'Blackjack' Pershing and AEF - ANSWERSBlack Jack was a stern disciplinarian, Pershing was named by
West Point candidates as a reference to his time with the 10th Cavalry, a unit of Buffalo Soldiers (it
wasn't a compliment).
AEF
elected over several more senior officers, Pershing was given a freehand to decide the AEF's role in the
war. One of his most important decisions was his insistence that the AEF was to operate as an
independent force, under American command, and not as replacements.
With the Signal Corps being unable - or unwilling - to meet wartime demand, Pershing reorganized his air
assets, ultimately passing command to Billy Mitchell
helped turn the tide in favor of Britain and France, leading to an Allied victory over Germany and Austria
in November 1918.
The Harlem Hell Fighters (369th) - ANSWERSUnsure how to use black National Guardsmen, the American
army "loaned" the 93rd Division to the French army. It was the only an American division to serve
exclusively under French command. Despite having to acclimate to French methods of combat, the
division's four regiments performed exceptionally well and received numerous commendations,
including 170 Croix de Guerres for individual acts of bravery.
The most famous regiment in the 93rd, the 369th served 191 days (about 6 and a half months) in
combat, ceding no ground and earning its' nickname, the 'Hell Fighters,' from the Germans. They were
the first American regiment to reach the Rhine River in Germany following the armistice
Also had the 369th Regimental Band
(Google)
,The extraordinary courage of the Harlem Hellfighters earned them fame in Europe and America, as
newspapers recounted their remarkable feats.
The Lost Battalion - ANSWERSSurrounded after being caught out ahead of the lines during a failed attack,
the battalion held out against repeated German attacks for 5 days. Of the over 500 soldiers who entered
the Argonne Forest, only 194 walked out unscathed. The rest were killed, missing, captured, or
wounded.
Charles W. Whittlesey A Harvard-trained lawyer - and a former socialist - Whittlesey was awarded a
Medal of Honor for his leadership during the battle. He later disappeared from a ship bound for Cuba. He
is presumed to have committed suicide.
(Google)
created enough distraction to the German troops for the Allies to break through German lines and force
a German retreat
Billy Mitchell and the Airpower Debate - ANSWERSWith the Signal Corps being unable - or unwilling - to
meet wartime demand, Pershing reorganized his air assets, ultimately passing command to Billy Mitchell
Although the future of the Air Corps was assured, the service was split over the question of strategic
bombing. Brig. Gen William "Billy" Mitchell emerged from the war as the leading U.S. champion of
strategic air power, demonstrating the potential of heavy bombers in a series of tests against obsolete
warships during 1921 and 1923.
(Google)
regarded as the father of the United States Air Force
The Neutrality Acts - ANSWERSThe Neutrality Acts were laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to
limit U.S. involvement in future wars. They were based on the widespread disillusionment with World
War I, especially the belief that the United States had been drawn into the war through loans and trade
with the Allies.
(Google)
, tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or
other war materials to belligerent nations.
Douglas MacArthur and the BEF - ANSWERSWorried over their potential for unrest, in 1924 Congress
promised veterans of World War I a bonus of $1000, payable in 1945. Unwilling, or unable, to wait that
long, 20,000 veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment in 1932.
Arriving in May, some 20,000 veterans held daily demonstrations on the capital grounds. While some
eventually returned home, an estimated 10,000 remained in the city through the summer, either
sleeping in abandoned buildings or in a massive tent city built on Anacostia Flats.
"I told that dumb son-of-a-bitch he had no business going down there."-D. Eisenhower to MacArthur
MacArthur marched his troops to stop the BEF demonstration (burning their campsites and driving them
out)
The Blitzkrieg - ANSWERS'Lightning War' Emphasizing speed and surprise, the Blitz aimed at
outmaneuvering an enemy rather than attacking them head-on. The goal was to disrupt and encircle
your enemy with armor and mobile infantry, forcing them into defensive pockets where they could be
destroyed by regular forces.
(Google)
Germany's strategy was to avoid a long war in the first phase of World War II in Europe.
Louisiana Maneuvers and George Marshall - ANSWERSInvolving over 400,000 men, the maneuvers were
designed to test both combat doctrine and logistical operations. (Initiated by Marshall)
Having impressed FDR by disagreeing with him, Marshall was appointed Chief of Staff on the same day
Germany invaded Poland. He was responsible for organizing the largest military expansion in U.S. history,
turning an outmoded, poorly equipped army into one of the world's finest. Though he had never actually
led troops in combat, Marshall was a skilled organizer with a talent for inspiring others.
(Google)
