Exam (elaborations)
FNP 1- EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FNP 1- EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FNP 1- EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSPrimary Care - Answers --Describes the relationship between the healthcare provider
and patient
- First contact a patient has with the healthcare system
-Care across a patient's lifespan
- The verb --> the actual health delivery
primary health care - Answers --The big picture/broader term
- Includes primary care services and public health type functions
Healthy People - Answers --Provides national objectives for improving the health of our
nation
-Updated every 10 years
I or P?
1.4 million people in the US were diagnosed with DM in 2014 - Answers -I
I or P?
25.9% of Americans age 65 and older have diabetes - Answers -P
I or P?
11.8 million seniors in the US have diabetes - Answers -P
I or P?
There were 67,071 deaths from diabetes in the US in 2010 - Answers -I
I or P?
1.25 million American children and adults have DM - Answers -P
Morbidity - Answers --How many people have a disease
- Incidence and prevalence rates are measures of morbidity
Mortality - Answers -- number of deaths / number at risk x 1000
Endemic - Answers -Refers tot he constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a
disease or infectious agent in a geographical area
Epidemic - Answers -Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a
disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area
What are the goals of Healthy People - Answers -- help the nation understand the goals
for health
- identify + decrease health disparities
,IPEC - Answers --Interprofessional Education Collaborative: a group of higher education
institutions that have come together to help collaborate and improve curriculum across
all of health care education
- nursing/dentistry/medicine/public health
What is epidemiology? - Answers -The study of the distribution and determinants of
health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study
to the control of health problems.
What is the main goal of epidemiology? - Answers -identify groups at risk and direct
prevention efforts and early detection towards them
Identify the health related state, distribution, determinants, population, & intervention in
the following scenario:
8.3% of DC adult population is diagnosed with DM. Low income residents and those
with less education face an increased risk of DM. - Answers -HRS: DM
Distribution: 8.3%
Determinants: low income and less education
Population: DC adults
Interventions: food stamps, farmers markets, educational classes, free glucose
checking, etc.
Who is the father of epidemiology? - Answers -John Snow
Primary Prevention - Answers --true prevention
-Interventions that can be done to prevent the disease from even occurring
ex: immunizations, advocacy and policy (seatbelts)
Secondary Prevention - Answers --Screening
-measures that identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have already developed
risk factors for preclinical disease but are not clinically apparent
-efforts to limit the disease from progressing
- ex: labs to check for hyperlipidemia, bp checks, mammograms
tertiary prevention - Answers --treatment
-care of people with established or known diseases to try to restore them to the highest
functioning and minimizing negative effects
-ex: pt with known DM II - focus on preventing complications such as blindness, kidney
disease, and foot amputations
What is the most cost effective level of prevention - Answers -Primary prevention
What does screening accomplish - Answers -Distinguishes between who has the
disease and who does not have the disease
, Sensitivity - Answers --Refers to the proportion of the population with the condition who
test positive
-How was does the test tell you who has the disease
Specificity - Answers --Refers to the proportion of the population you do the test on who
test negative
-How well does the test tell you who does not have the disease
Test with a sensitivity of 95% - the population has 100 people with the disease. The test
will correctly identify how many who have it and miss how many who have it? - Answers
-Correctly identify 95 people who have the disease and miss 5 people who actually
have it
Test with a specificity of 85% - the population consists of 100 healthy people. This test
will correctly identify how many people who do not have it and miss how many? -
Answers -Correctly identity 85 people who do not have the disease as negative and
incorrectly identify 15 people who do not have the disease as positive
PPV - Answers -refers to the proportion of persons with a positive test who have the
condition: true positives
NPV - Answers -refers to the proportion of persons with a negative test who do not have
the condition, true negatives
The higher the prevalence the higher the ________ - Answers -PPV
Prevalence - Answers -The burden of disease in a population at a given time includes
old and new cases
#of cases/ population x 1000
Incidence - Answers -Number of new cases
#of new cases/those at risk x 1000
I or P?
There are 29.1 people diagnose with diabetes int he US - Answers -P
Pandemic - Answers -Refers to an epidemic that has spread to several countries or
continents
Endem-, Epi-, or Pandemic
Urban violence in higher rates than normal in Chicago, London, and Cartegena,
Columbia - Answers -Epidemic
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