NUR 347- Exam 2 Study Guide with
100% Correct Answers
Valves of Right and Left Side ✅Right- Tricuspid Valve
Left-Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
What happens to valves during diastole ✅Valves are open- Allow blood from atria t
flow freely into relaxed ventricles
What happens to valves during systole ✅Valves are closed- The ventricles contract
and blood flows upward into the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves, causing them
to close.
Name layers of heart from inner to outermost ✅Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium- Sac surround heart
Automaticity ✅Ability to initiate electrical impulses
Excitability ✅Ability to respond to electrical impulse
Conductivity ✅Ability to transmit electrical impulses
SA Node ✅Pacemaker of the heart (60-100)
AV Node ✅Secondary Pacemaker of the Heart (40-60)
Bundle of HIS ✅Where impulse is conducted- Connects the AV to myocardium
Cardiac Output ✅Total amount of blood ejected by ONE ventricle in L/min, (Normal is
4-6 L/min)
*CO= Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Stroke Volume ✅Amount of blood ejected from one ventricle during each beat (Normal
is 60-130 mL-Can be calculated with ECHO)
Location of Baroreceptors ✅carotid sinus and aortic arch
Preload ✅Degree of stretch of ventricular cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole-
*Directly affects STROKE VOLUME
, Afterload ✅Resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle; Hypertrophy would affect
this
Name different aspects of assessment ✅Health Hx- Name/type/dosage/compliance of
meds, vitamins, herbs, nutrition, sleep, rest, elimination, supplements and steroids,
family hx, physical, birth control, smoking, coping, social hx, general appearance
(mental status-restless, LOC), skin and extremities (6 P's, pale, cold, edema,
hematoma), BP- pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic, =40),
orthostatic BP, auscultation of heart sounds
Common s/s associated with heart problems ✅Chest pain-WHAT KIND!; Women will
have a different kind of pain- possibly in the hip, abd, or upper body; other s/s including
SOB, peripheral edema, wt gain, palpitations, fatigue, dizziness due to hypoxia,
frequent peeing in middle of night due to fluid changes
Name different Dx tools ✅Labs (CKMB, BNP, troponin, blood chem, lipids,
homocysteine), Echo, cardiac stress testing, TEE
Modifiable Risk Factors of CAD ✅hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking,
diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity
Nonmodifiable Risk Factors of CAD ✅Family hx, age, gender (Men at higher risk than
women), race (AA greater risk than Caucasians)
How to prevent CAD ✅Controlling cholesterol abnormalities, dietary measures,
increase in physical activity (150 min a week of moderate activity), smoking cessation,
managing HTN, and controlling DM 2
S/S of Angina Pectoris ✅CHEST PAIN, indigestion, nausea, "CHOKING",
overwhelming sense of anxiety/impending doom
Stable Angina (Physical activity, predictable, stress, time) ✅IS triggered by physical
activity, IS predictable, IS relieved by stress, and lasts less than 15 min
Unstable Angina (physical activity, predictable, stress, time) ✅NOT triggered by
physical activity, NOT predictable, NOT relieved by stress, lasts greater than 30 min
Variant Angina (physical activity, predictable, stress, time) ✅SOMETIMES triggered by
physical activity, NOT predictable, NOT relieved by stress, WORSENS with
Silent ✅Ischemia in EKG/Stress Test, but no s/s
Meds to treat angina ✅Nitro- Vasodilator- Opens up vessels
