©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
Test Bank for Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Questions And Correct Answers
Ch. 1 #1 At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made by
nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good representation
of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book reviews and
word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children - answer✔✔Ans: A,
B, C, E
The WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in book reviews
facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-being; and
assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-being even though the
person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of
germs.
Ch. 1 #2 A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to
the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a
teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant
of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent and
practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hypercholesterolemia and
remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. C) The client has a good career with
exceptional preventative health care benefits.
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many health care
facilities. - answer✔✔Ans: B
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternative
therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all
(which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which includes
living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's noncompliance with
treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV
disease does not meet the "attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death"
determinant.
Ch. 1 #3 A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between
diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the
following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red
blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and chest
physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV
positive. - answer✔✔Ans: D
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell
anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of
abnormal molecules.
Ch. 1 #4 A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of
clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident -
answer✔✔Ans: B
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the increasing
ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are
examples of etiologic factors.
Ch. 1 #5 A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to
the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?
A) "All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B) "My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like French fries every
day."
C) "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy to form
fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery."
D) "If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causing a clot
that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack." - answer✔✔Ans: C
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty
streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors for
CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
Ch. 1 #6 A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client
for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of health would be
best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. - answer✔✔Ans: B
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem, such as
complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, and respiratory rate
are all objective, observable signs of disease.
Ch. 1 #7 Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due to intestinal
aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an antibiotic
chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with Parkinson
disease
E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease - answer✔✔Ans:
A, C
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy are both
examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from treatment). It is
normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson disease progresses, the inability
to walk independently is expected. This is a normal progression for people diagnosed with
Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an
expected finding.
Ch. 1 #8 Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-
up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is disease free. -
answer✔✔Ans: A
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from results
obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the test results that fall
within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values (like hemoglobin) are adjusted for
gender, other comorbidities, or age. If the result of a very sensitive test is negative, it tells us the
person does not have the disease, and the disease has been ruled out or excluded.
Ch. 1 #9 The laboratory technologists are discussing a new blood test that helps establish a
differential diagnosis between shortness of breath with a cardiac etiology and shortness of breath
with a respiratory/pulmonary etiology. A positive result is purported to indicate a cardiac
etiology. The marketers of the test report that 99.8% of patients who have confirmed cardiac
etiologies test positive in the test. However, 1.3% of patients who do not have cardiac etiologies
for their shortness of breath also test positive. Which of the following statements best
characterizes this blood test?
A) Low validity; high reliability
