Other
TOX EXAM STUDY GUIDE
- Course
- Institution
TOX EXAM STUDY GUIDE
[Show more]
Content preview
TOX EXAMSTUDY GUIDE
Toxicology - Answers -harmful of advrse effects on living organisms
toxicologist - Answers -one who studies toxicology
poison - Answers -any agent of causing harm in response to biological system
toxicant - Answers -produced by or by products
toxin - Answers -toxic substance produced my natural system (plant, animal, fungi,
bacteria)
xenobiotic - Answers -foreign chemical- manufactured/ natural
target organ - Answers -organ most affected by toxin
what determines toxicity of an agent - Answers --dose
-if agent reaches target organ
are all toxic substances created equal - Answers -no some require small doses to have
big effect some require more.
Mechanistic Toxicology - Answers -An area of focus in toxicology concerned with
determining why (or how) agents causes a toxic response
descriptive toxicology - Answers -test agent- animal testing- toxicity
Regulatory toxicologist - Answers -uses both to make safety guidelines
, what kind of effects can be seen - Answers -birth defects
allergies
cancer
death
mutations
LD50 - Answers -is the dose that will produce death in 50% of the population
(doesn't give full spectrum of toxicity, just Lethality)
natural toxins - Answers -tetrodotoxin and botulinum toxin
main exposure routes - Answers -Ingestion, inhalation, dermal (skin)(biggest barrier,
most layers)
other routes of administration - Answers -IV-vein
IM-intramuscular
IP-into gut
ADBE - Answers -absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion
ADME - Answers -absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
acute exposure - Answers -less than 24 hours
Sub-acute - Answers -one month or less
sub-chronic exposure - Answers -exposure for 1-3 months
chronic exposure - Answers -exposure for more than three months
there is a relationship between elimination rate vs frequency of exposure - Answers -
shorter elimination rate , harder to to get into toxic ragnge
longer elimination rate, easily Get into toxic range
idiosyncratic reaction - Answers -an unexpected reaction specific to the individual
Hapten - Answers -small chemical entity bind to things in body that starts allergic
reaction Ex. Urushiol - binds to endogenous protein, t-cell recognize - next Time you
touch response via T cell
Local vs. Systemic toxicity - Answers -general site of action, affects distant organ
ex. tetraethyl lead- cause skin irritation(local) as well as central nervous toxicity (distant)
additive effect - Answers -(2+2=4) combined effect of 2 chemicals is equal to the sum of
effects given alone
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Greaterheights. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now