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BESC 3020 EXAM 1 (Chapter 1-5) Questions and Answers
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BESC 3020 EXAM 1 (Chapter 1-5) Questions and Answers
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BESC 3020 EXAM 1 (Chapter 1-5)Questions and Answers
1. Identify the major sources of knowledge. - Answer -a. Personal experience
b. Traditional or existing knowledge
c. Authority or expert
2. What kind of truth are we looking for in science and social research? - Answer -a.
Relative
3. What are the major causes of errors and biases? - Answer -a. Inaccurate
observations
b. Over generalizations
c. Selective observation
d. Illogical Reasoning
5. Define and find examples of independent and dependent variables. - Answer -a.
Independent- Cause
b. Dependent- Effect
c. Babies and accidents, drinking and drunkenness
6. How many values does a constant have? - Answer -a. 1. It is the opposite of a
variable
7. What does a theory refer to? - Answer -a. Theory are concepts that can be
measurable or immeasurable
8. What does social science research attempt to address? - Answer -a. Deals with
logical aspects of science, provides systematic explanations, whereas data collection
deals with observational aspects. There is no philosophy in social science research. We
find research through patterns. Explore, explain, and describe
9. Define and find examples of over-generalization. - Answer -a. The smaller the sample
size, the larger margin of error
12. What are the major purposes of social research? - Answer -a. To explore, describe,
and explain
, 13. What are the two pillars of science? - Answer -a. Logical and empirical evidence
15. Define and find examples of a variable and its attributes. - Answer -a. Attributes
describe a variable. Variable must be measurable either by numbers or categories and
has to constantly change.
Discrete - Answer -Has no number and has two or more logically related attributes or
categories (Occupation, gender, religion, race, and countries)
Continuous - Answer -May have many values, the value increases continually in tiny
fractions (age, income, height, weight)
Qualitative - Answer -Non numerical data. Uses words to describe the data, uses
patterns.
Quantitative - Answer -Numerical data, only can be used for statistical research. Can be
replicated
Induction - Answer -We move from a particular to a general (snow is white wherever
you go)
Deduction - Answer -We move from a general to a particular (a white Christmas)
Idiographic - Answer -A single situation, and going into great detail. Very specific to a
person
Nomothetic - Answer -Explains a class of events, uses one or more explanatory factors
and only needs a partial explanation. Used in social sciences most
Identify the major sources of knowledge - Answer -1. Personal experience - small
amount of knowledge comes from this. Direct personal experience.
2. Tradition/existing knowledge- stepping stone, knowledge inherited.
3. Authority/experts - judgement of person with expertise.
4. errors and biases
(PATE)
Do we look for absolute or relative truth? - Answer -relative truth
What are the major causes or error and biases? - Answer -1. inaccurate observations
2. over-generalization
3. selective observation
4. illogical reasoning
Differences between continuous and discrete variables? - Answer -discrete - two or
more logic attributes/categories
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