Astronomy 121:141 Final Exam 2 Exercise Questions Containing Perfect Answers|2024
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Course
Astronomy 121
Institution
Astronomy 121
A major reason for the large size of the volcanoes on Mars is the probable lack of ____________ on Mars - ️️Continental drift
A measurement of the density of a planet can tell its rough _________. - ️️Composition
A strong magnetic field indicates that the planet has __________, _______, a...
Astronomy 121:141 Final Exam 2
Exercise Questions
A major reason for the large size of the volcanoes on Mars is the probable lack of ____________ on
Mars - ✔ ✔ Continental drift
A measurement of the density of a planet can tell its rough _________. - ✔ ✔ Composition
A strong magnetic field indicates that the planet has __________, _______, and ________. - ✔ ✔ A
large liquid core, a core rich in metals, and a high rotation rate.
Accretional Heating - ✔ ✔ As the planets formed through the accretion of planetesimals, they
heated due to the violence of the collisions. Because the surface of the planet is hard, the planetesimal
comes to a halt and the energy is converted into heat.
Active geology on a planet will only occur if the planet has a __________. - ✔ ✔ Hot interior
Albedo - ✔ ✔ the fraction of the solar radiation which is reflected to space.
ALH 84001 - ✔ ✔ Meteor that fell to Earth from mars
Astrometric Searches - ✔ ✔ The detection of extra solar planets through the side to side motion of a
star caused by gravitational tugs from the planet.
Based on the composition of the Earth, what are the regions of its interior? - ✔ ✔ Core, mantle, crust
Blue Shift (Doppler Effect) - ✔ ✔ Shift of an object moving towards us. Has shorter wavelengths than
red shifts.
Chemical Differentiation - ✔ ✔ Dense material sinks while less dense material floats. Denser
elements sink to the center of the Earth while less dense materials rise to the surface. This CAUSES THE
3 LAYERED STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH (crust/mantle/core)
Compared with the side of the Moon facing the Earth, the lunar backside has - ✔ ✔ a thicker crust
Conduction - ✔ ✔ The process by which thermal energy is transferred by direct contact from warm
material to cooler material. (think of holding a metal rod over a fire)
Continental drift may be driven by ___________. - ✔ ✔ Convection
Continental Plate - ✔ ✔ Less dense than oceanic plates, oceanic plates get pushed beneath the
continental.
Convection - ✔ ✔ Hot material gradually expands and cools as it rises upward, while cooler material
from above gradually contracts and falls. (heating oatmeal)
, Describe how the Doppler Effect works. - ✔ ✔ The Doppler Effect causes shifts in the wavelengths of
light. (Think about throwing a rock in a lake over and over but moving the rock slightly away from the
center each time.)
Describe the structure of Earth's atmosphere - ✔ ✔ Earths atmosphere is 78% nitrogen and 21%
oxygen. It is the only planet whose atmosphere contains a significant amount of free oxygen.
Describe the structure of Venus's atmosphere - ✔ ✔ Predominantly carbon dioxide. Oxygen on
Venus is tied up in the CO2
Describe the surface features of the moon. - ✔ ✔ Maria (lightly cratered, dark colored lowland
basins (15%) ) and Highland Regions (light colored heavily cratered highland regions (85%))
Did plate tectonics occur on Venus? - ✔ ✔ No, Venus shows no evidence of plate tectonics.
Direct Planetary Searches - ✔ ✔ Look for eclipses of stars by planets and searches are geared to
locating other solar nebulae.
Do we believe plate tectonic activity occurred on Mars? - ✔ ✔ There is evidence of geological activity
on Mars but there is no clear evidence of plate tectonics as found on the earth. The volcanoes found are
shield volcanoes and do not show evidence of large scale crustal movement.
Doppler Effect (definition) - ✔ ✔ The effect that shifts the wavelengths of spectral features in objects
that are moving toward or away from the observer. (how much red or blue light provides us with the
mass of the object)
Due to the continuous creation of crustal material, the ocean basins are ___________. - ✔ ✔
replaced every few hundred million years
Equilibrium Temperature - ✔ ✔ The planet absorbs heat from the Sun at a certain rate and then re-
radiates this energy at precisely the same rate.
Faint Young Sun Paradox - ✔ ✔ The sun increases as it ages and was fainter 3.8 billion years ago.
However, there was liquid water on Earth at least 3.7 billion years ago. This requires our atmosphere to
have had much different chemical compositions than today.
Frequency - ✔ ✔ The rate at which peaks of a wave pass by a point, measured in units of cycles per
second (or hertz).
Gravitational Micro-lensing - ✔ ✔ Technique used to discover planets. If a single star passes in front
of a background star then we expect a single increase in the magnification of the light. However, if the
lensing star has a planet circulating about it, then we expect to see a secondary magnification in the
light.
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