NURS 5315 GI Module 9, Exam 5 Questions
with 100% Verified Correct Answers
Upper GI organs - Correct Answer mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower GI organs - Correct Answer small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Hepatoportal circulation - Correct Answer hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood from the inferior
mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein receives deoxygenated blood from the
inferior and superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and delivers nutrients that have been
absorbed from the intestinal system
Osmotic diarrhea - Correct Answer Caused by the presence of a nonabsorbable substance in the
intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the intestinal lumen and results in large volume diarrhea.
This is how mag citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes include: excessive ingestion of
nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping syndrome, malabsorption, pancreatic enzyme
deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small intestine bacterial overgrowth or celiac disease
Secretory diarrhea - Correct Answer Results in large volume losses secondary to infectious causes
such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Motility diarrhea - Correct Answer AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection of small
intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, and laxative
abuse. Fatty stools and bloating are common in malabsorption syndrome. Complications include:
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malabsorption.
Upper GI bleed - Correct Answer bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum
commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or Mallory-Weiss tear(tearing of esophagus from
stomach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee ground emesis.
Lower GI bleed - Correct Answer Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from inflammatory
bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the presence of bright red
blood in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Correct Answer Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the esophagus,
stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to gastric acid. Risk factors include
smoking, advanced age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute pancreatitis, COPD, obesity,
socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain is
worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
, Duodenal ulcers - Correct Answer most common and tend to develop in younger patients. S&S:
epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may have melena(black and tarry stool) or
hematemesis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) - Correct Answer Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in persons 20-
40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of remission and exacerbations.
Characterized by inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial and in the small intestine.
UC S&S - Correct Answer recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis, uveitis, sclerosing
cholangitis, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
UC complications - Correct Answer fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic megacolon, colon
perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Increased risk of VTE and microthrombi, and colon
cancer
Crohn's disease - Correct Answer Chronic inflammatory disorders that can affect any portion of the
GI tract but most often in the ileum and proximal colon. Affects persons in their 20-30s and of jewish
decent. CARD15/NOD2 gene mutation commonly associated.
Crohn's disease risk factors - Correct Answer smoking, family history, Jewish decent, age less than 40,
slight predominance in women and altered gut microbiome.
Crohn's disease patho - Correct Answer includes trasmural involvement of the affected area(entire
wall of intestine is affected) and the presence of skip lesions. Disease progression may lead to
abscess formation in GI tract. Possible causes include infectious agents, autoimmune, psychosomatic,
impaired T-cell immunity
Crohn's disease S&S - Correct Answer abd pain, diarrhea, dehydration, bloody stools, malabsorption,
malnutrition, weight loss, intestinal obstruction from chronic inflammation, fistulas and perforation
of the intestine
Diverticular disease - Correct Answer Characterized as the presence of diverticula in the large
intestine. Risk factors include older age, genetic predisposition, obesity, smoking, diet, lack of
exercise, ASA and other NSAIDS, altered DI microbiome and abnormal colonic peristalsis
