Human Development A Life-Span View 7th Edition Robert V. Kail John C
Cavanaugh Chapter 5 Entering The Social World
1. Who came up with the Psychosocial Developmetal Theory?: Erik Erickson
2. Basic Trust vs. mistrust appears during ________?: Infancy
3. Hope: According to Erikson, openess to new experience tempered by wariness
that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance.
4. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt appears during ages _____?: 1-3 years
5. Will: According to Erikson, a young child's understanding that he or she can act
on the world intentionally; this occurs when autonomy, shame, and doubt are in
balance.
6. Initiative vs. Guilt appears in ages ______?: 3-5 Years
7. Purpose: According to Erikson, balance between individual initiatave and the
willingness to cooperate with others
8. Secure attachment: Relationship in which infants have come to trust and
depend on their mothers
9. Evolutionary Psychology: Theoritical view that many human behaviors
represent sussessful adaptations to the environment
10. avoidant attachment: Relationship in which infants turn away from their
mothers when they are reunited following a brief separation
11. resistant attachment: Relationship in which, after a brief separation, infants
want to be held but are difficult to console
12. disorganized attachment (disorientated): Relationship in which infant's
don't seem to understand what's happening when they are seperated and later
reunited with their mothers.
13. internal working model: infant's understanding of how responsive and
dependable the mother is; thought to influence close relationships throughout
the child's life 14. basic emotions: Emotions experienced by humankind that
consist of three elements; a subjective feeling, a psychological change, and an
overt behavior.
15. social smiles: Smile that infants produce when they see a human face
16. stranger wariness: First distinct signs of fear that engage around 6 months of
age when infants become wary in the presence of unfamiliar adults.
17. social referencing (in doctors office): behavior in which infants in unfamiliar
or ambiguous environments look at an adult for cues to help them interpret the
situation 18. parallel play: when children play alone but are aware of and
interested in what another child is doing
19. simple social play: play that begins in about 15 to 18 months; toddlers
engage in similar activities as well as talk and smile at each other
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