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MPP Final Exam
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MPP Final Exam MPP Final Exam MPP Final Exam
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MPP Final ExamNa+, K+ - Primary active transport uses the energy obtained from cleaving ATP to pump _____ions
out of the cell and ____ions into the cell.
low, higher - In a resting cell, the membrane permeability to sodium is:_____ and the membrane
permeability to potassium is: __________than sodium
cation, less - If a positively charged ion, ______, moves into a cell, the membrane potential will
become ______ negative. If a negatively charged ion , an anion moves into the cell, the membrane
potential will become more negative.
ligand,voltage - Ion channels can be open or closed by different types of gating signals. A channel
that is open or closed by a molecule binding the channel is called a ______gated channel. A channel
that is opened or closed by a specific change in voltage is called a _________gated channel.
ligand - Activation or opening of ________ gated sodium channels located along dendrites can
depolarize the cell membrane
True - True or False. Graded potentials can summate to depolarize the membrane to the threshold
potential.
insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose
c-peptide levels in the blood are elevated - Select all that are TRUE in the fed state in a normal
(healthy) person
insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose
c-peptide levels in the blood are elevated
SGLT activity is saturated in the kidney
glucagon promotes glycogen storage
insulin promotes SGLT expression in the kidney
True - Secondary active transport requires ATP
graded - A [____________] potential is a small change in localized membrane potential that varies in
magnitude relative to the triggering event.
,action - potentials are large changes in localized membrane potential that are either all or none and
once initiated, will travel the distance of the axon.
False - Once initiated in a presynaptic neuron, an action potential will be directly transmitted to the
post-synaptic neuron.
Acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase - ______is the neurotransmitter that is released from lower
motor neurons and binds and opens ligand gated sodium channels on the skeletal muscle
membrane. ______is the enzyme that breaks down and inactivates the neurotransmitter at the
neuromuscular junction.
False - Voltage-gated sodium channels open any time the membrane depolarizes.
depolarized, hyperpolarized - When a neuronal cell becomes _______it makes the cell more excited.
When a neuronal cell becomes _______it inhibits the cell.
When a voltage gated sodium channel opens, so much sodium rushes into the cell that the sodium
concentration inside the cell gets close to the sodium concentration outside the cell.
Action potential size will be relative to the signal size.
Voltage gated sodium channels open when the membrane potential increases above -70 mV - Select
all the incorrect statements regarding voltage gated sodium channels.
The inactivation gate closing blocks sodium from coming into the cell even when the membrane is
above threshold and this allows the membrane to be able to repolarize.
When a voltage gated sodium channel opens, so much sodium rushes into the cell that the sodium
concentration inside the cell gets close to the sodium concentration outside the cell.
Action potential size will be relative to the signal size.
Action potentials are all or none and transmit electrical signals rapidly
,Voltage gated sodium channels open when the membrane potential increases above -70 mV
Voltage gated sodium channels will be closed at resting membrane potential.
Voltage gated sodium channels open when the cell membrane reaches -55 mV
Maintains low intracellular concentration of glucose to promote facilitate diffusion into cells
Provides a storage form of glucose when fasting
Limits water moving into cells - Select all of the physiological advantages of storing glucose as
glycogen
Maintains low intracellular concentration of glucose to promote faciltate diffusion into cells
Provides a storage form of glucose when fasting
Inhibits the activity of insulin in the fasted state
Limits water moving into cells
Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis
high T4 levels inhibits TRH release - Select all that are TRUE of thyroid hormone
TSH is secreted from the posterior pituitary
Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis
TSH stimulates TRH release
, high T4 levels inhibits TRH release
T4 is the more active form of the hormone
one, lower motor neuron - In the somatic motor neuron pathway, how many neurons run from the
spinal cord to the target skeletal muscle cell (the peripheral nervous system)?
What is the name of this/these neuron(s)?
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors - What type of ligand gated sodium channels are located at the
skeletal muscle membrane in the neuromuscular junction?
diffusion, reuptake - The 3 ways that neurotransmitters can be removed from the synapse are 1)
diffusion out of the synaptic space 2)
reuptake by a transporter located on the
presynaptic nerve or 3) an enzyme on the postsynaptic cell body.
1. Voltage gated sodium channels send an action potential towards the nerve terminal
2.Voltage gated calcium channels open
3. Calcium comes into the nerve terminal
4.Vesicles fuse with the membrane and release neurotransmitter into the synaptic space
5.Neurotransmitter binds its specific receptor and causes a graded potential
6.Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft - Order the following steps in sequence for
normal synaptic signaling.
1. Action potential in the lower motor neuron
2. Calcium enters the nerve terminal
3.Vesicles fuse with the membrane
4.Acetylcholine binds the acetylcholine receptors (ligand gated sodium channels)
5.Activation of voltage gated sodium channels on the muscle membrane - Order the following steps
in sequence for the somatic motor neuron pathway.
bile, lipase, lymphatics - Digestion of fat requires bile to emulsify the fat prior to digestion, the
enzyme lipase to breakdown triglycerides and the fat is absorbed into the lymphatics
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