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PHIL 2275 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PHIL 2275 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PHIL 2275 PROFESSIONAL ETHICSFINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Describe the three fundamental laws of thought identified by Aristotle? - ANSWER Principle of Identity,
Principle of the excluded middle, and the Principle of Non- Contradiction
What is a deontological moral theory? - ANSWER Duty
What is a consequentialist moral theory? - ANSWER Outcomes
What is virtue? - ANSWER A habit by which the powers of the soul are consistently used for good
What are the cardinal virtues? - ANSWER Wisdom, courage, prudence, justice
What are Aristotle's four principal causes? - ANSWER The Material, Formal, Efficient, Final
What is the first principle of contemplative reason? - ANSWER The principle of non-contradiction
What is the first principle of practical reason? - ANSWER Good is to be done and evil avoided
What, generally, is natural moral law? - ANSWER A moral law that derives from human nature and exists
for human flourish
For Kant, what is autonomy? - ANSWER A condition in which you will to yourself the moral law
For Kant, what is a good will? - ANSWER A will that obeys a moral law because it is the law and for no
other reason
, What are the two formulations of the Categorical Imperative we've examined? - ANSWER 1. Always treat
humanity, Whether in yourself or another, as an end in itself and never as a mere means
2. Follow that rule which you can without contradiction will to become universal law.
For Hume, what are the sources of knowledge? - ANSWER Matters of fact and relation of Ideas
For Hume, what is the truth-test of an idea? - ANSWER that you can take it back to an original sense of
perception
For Hume, why cannot morality be determined by reason? - ANSWER Because morality is based on
sentiment of feeling
What is psychological egoism? - ANSWER The view that we are psychologically constituted that every
action is motivated by self interest
For Mill, what is happiness? - ANSWER Pleasure and the absence of pain
State the principle of utility. - ANSWER An act that maximizes effort and minimizes pain
Distinguish act- from rule-utilitarianism. - ANSWER Act Utilitarianism: Whenever You are called upon to
act, you use utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism: You use utilitarianism based on rules
What is the principle of totality? - ANSWER That we have a moral obligation to keep our bodies in as
complete a state as possible.
What are the elements of the principle of double effect? - ANSWER 1. The intended effect must be good
or at least morally neutral
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