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biol 235 midterm 2A (120 questions and answers).
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biol 235 midterm 2A (120 questions and answers).
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biol 235 midterm 2A(120 questions and
answers)
sympathetic stimulation - answer The process
that results in preparing the body for exercise;
"fight or flight" mechanism;
- increased heart rate
- dilated pupils
constriction of kidneys and digestive tract
alpha receptors - answer adrenergic receptors
that are found in smooth muscles and constrict
arteries when stimulated by norepinephrine and
epinephrine; increases bp and blood flow to heart
A1 receptors - answer involved in smooth muscle
contraction;
- contraction of bronchioles, blood vessels, internal
urethral sphincter, and muscular wall
A2 receptors - answer -Located on presynaptic
axons
,-When stimulated, result in inhibition of
norepinephrine release in the synapse; this may be
a negative-feedback system
Beta receptors - answer adrenergic receptors that
are found in the heart, lungs, and vascular smooth
muscle; involved in the relaxation of cells and
dilation of blood vessels and found on tissues
throughout the body
B1 receptors - answer increase cardiac output by
increasing heart rate, stroke volume, and rate of
relaxation through dilation
B2 receptors - answer smooth muscle relaxation
throughout the body; ex) relaxation of muscular
war and relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
muscarinic ACH receptors - answer Can be
stimulated by muscarine (from poisonous
mushrooms)
Found in CNS and plasma membrane of smooth and
cardiac muscles and glands innervated by
autonomic motor neurons; triggers
parasympathetic stimulation
, parasympathetic stimulation - answer 'rest and
digest'; lowers ventilation rate, release blood flow
to gut and other organs, decrease heart rate and
bp
water soluble hormone - answer a lipophobic
hormone that binds to a receptor on or within the
plasma membrane to initiate an intracellular
signalling cascade ex) glucagon, insulin, ADH,
oxytocin
water soluble hormone steps - answer 1. bind to
receptors on the surface of the cell which are
coupled to internally anchored G proteins
2. signal transduction: the receptor complex
activates second messenged (cAMP, Ca2+) which
initiate cell activity
3. use of second messengers enables the
amplification of the initial signal as more molecules
are activated (enzyme cascade)
4. enzyme 3 stimulates the breakdown of glycogen
into glucose
lipid soluble hormone - answer liphophilic
hormone that can move freely into membrane and
into cell ex) progesterone, estrogen, testosterone
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