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PSYCH FINAL EXAM COHN QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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PSYCH FINAL EXAM COHN QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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PSYCH FINAL EXAM COHN QUESTIONS & ANSWERSWhich level of processing results in longer-lasting memory codes - Answers -Semantic
(what is the meaning of a word or material)
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called - Answers -Iconic
our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can
remember - Answers -Availability heuristic
research findings suggest that iconic memory lasts for approximately - Answers -1/2
second
by encouraging people to imagine their home being destroyed by fire insurance agents
are especially successful at selling large homeowners policies the agents are relying on
the impact of - Answers -Availability heuristic
for the early version of the stanford binet test iq was defined as - Answers -mental age
divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called -
Answers -Retrieval cues
chunking refers to - Answers -the organization of information into meaningful units
A mnemonic device is a - Answers -Memory aid
Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to
correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on today's test? - Answers -
How well does the word describe you?
Chris did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental
attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Chris did poorly
because: - Answers -He is unmotivated in school
The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to - Answers -Praise those
who have engaged in acts of heroism
Social facilitation refers to the tendency to - Answers -perform well-learned tasks more
effectively in the presence of others.
Approximately how many subjects delivered the most intense shocks (almost 450 volts)
to students' in Milgram's study of obedience to authority? - Answers -60 percent
List three teratogens - Answers -Drugs (Thalidomide), cigarettes, radiation, alcohol
,The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which - Answers -The greater the
number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress
Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths
of lines - Answers -even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect
The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to - Answers -Underestimate
the impact of situational factors in controlling the behavior of other people and the
tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional (personality) factors
The prison guards in Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study often acted cruelly. Who served
as participants in his study? - Answers -People from Palo Alto (Stanford area) they were
randomly assigned to play the guard or the prisoner
Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience
experiment because - Answers -The 'teachers' were more obedient than most people
would predict
Psychology - Answers -Involves the study of people
What we know is learned from informal observation and intuition, what we know is
subject to bias
3 Fields of Psychology - Answers --Experimental
-Clinical
-Applied
Hypothesis - Answers -Informal definition- an educated guess about how something
works
Formal definition- a tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more
variables (This is a statement, not a question and must be testable)
Scientific Method - Answers -Hypothesis, Data collection, Data analyisis, Replication
Random Assignment - Answers -Assigning participants to groups by chance which
reduces bias, they all have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions
of groups in the study (ex. choosing heads or tails and flipping a coin)
Random Selection - Answers -Subjects are selected randomly from a larger group so
that every group member has an equal chance of being included in the study
Variable - Answers -Any phenomenon or stimulus that can vary in value
Independent Variable - Answers -Experimental factor that is manipulated; the treatment
itself (ex. TV time, 15 minutes)
, Dependent Variable - Answers -The behavior that is measured; the factor that might be
affected by changes in the independent variable (ex. Children's behavior)
Confounding Variable - Answers -A variable whose uncontrolled presence serves to
confound your results and possibly leads to false conclusions
Operational Definition - Answers -Specifies the operations and procedures that are used
to define the independent and dependent variables
Experimental Condition - Answers -Condition that exposes subjects to one version of
the independent variable
Control Condition - Answers -Condition identical to the experimental one; except the
independent variable has a different value like zero
Experimental Group - Answers -The group of participants who are exposed to all
experimental conditions. including the independent variable
Control Group - Answers -In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the
treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for
evaluating the effect of the treatment.
What is pseudoscience? - Answers -A set or theories, assumptions, and methods
erroneously regarded as scientific
Why is pseudoscience relevant to psychology? - Answers -It shows us that someone
else can replicate a result
What did Professor Cohn give as an example of pseudoscience? - Answers -Haans and
the Counting Horse
Who was Phineas Gage and why is he important? Where were his injury located? -
Answers -He was injured on the railroad with explosives, it was the earliest
documentation of a severe brain injury. The injury was located on his left frontal lobe
and his personality changed. He was impulsive, angry, and unreliable
What is synesthesia? What are 3 examples? - Answers -Blending of two or more
senses
-Hearing notes and seeing color
-Seeing numbers and color
- Touch and taste
What is the frontal lobe responsible for? - Answers -Decision making, rationality/
reasoning, impulse control. It is the executive control
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