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CBIS Exam Prep (2024 – 2025) Verified Solution
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CBIS Exam Prep (2024 – 2025) Verified Solution
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CBIS Exam Prep (2024 – 2025) Verified Solutionlostsproductivitys-
sonesmeasuresofsthescoststossocietysduestosinjurysorsdisease;sincludesstheslosssofswagessasper
sonswouldshavesearnedsifstheyshadsnotsbecomesunemployablesduestosdisability,slosssofstaxess
contributingstoseconomy,scostsstosthesgovernmentsofssupportingsthesindividual,setc.;slostspro
ductivityscostssDOsNOTsincludescostsofstreatmentsandssupportspost-injurysorsillness
acquiredsbrainsinjurys(ABI)s-
sAnsinjurystosthesbrainsthatsissnotshereditary,scongenital,sdegenerative,sorsinducedsbysbirthst
rauma
traumaticsbrainsinjurys(TBI)s-
sansalterationsinsbrainsfunction,sorsothersevidencesofsbrainspathology,scausedsbysansexternals
force
traumaticsimpacts-
sinjuriessresultingsfromscontacts(whensheadsissstrucksbysorsagainstsansobject)
traumaticsintertialsinjuriess-
sinjurystosthesbrainsnotscausedsbysimpactsbutsassasresultsofsinertialsforces,ssuchsassacceleratio
n-decelerationsforces
closedsinjuriess-
sinjurystosthesbrainsresultingsinsbrainslacerations,scontusionssorsintracerebralshemorrhage
opensinjuriess-
sinjurystosthesheadsinswhichstheresissasbreachsofsthesskullsorsasbreachsofsthesmeninges
penetratingsbrainsinjurys-
sanysinjurysthatsinvolvessthespenetrationsofsasforeignsobject,smunitions,sfragment,sboneschip,
setc.sthroughsthesdurasmater
non-traumaticsbrainsinjurys-
sdamagestosthesbrainscausedsbysinternalsfactors,ssuchsassoxygensorsnutrientsdeprivationstosb
rainscells,sexposurestostoxins,spressuresfromsastumorsorsblockage,sorsothersneurologicalsdiso
rder
coup-contrecoupsinjurys-
sCoupsinjury:sheadsinjurysthatsresultssfromsimpactsofsasmovingsobject--
occurssatsthessitesofsimpact
,Contrecoupseffect:simpactsinjurysresultingsfromsthesmovingsheadsstrikingsasstationarysobjec
t--injurysoccurssatsthessidesofsthesheadsoppositesthespointsofsimpact
primarysinjurys-
sinitialscausesofsdamagestosthesbrain,sfromswhichsinjurysseveritysratingssaresobtained
secondarysinjurys-
spathophysiologicalseventssthatsoccursfollowingsthesinitialsprimarysinjurystosthesbrain
losssofsconsciousnesss(LOC)s-
stemporarysalteredsstate,sunlikessleep,swhensaspersonsissunresponsivestosstimuli;susuallysdu
estostrauma,sstroke,sorsothersinjury
risksfactorssforsbrainsinjurys-sinjurysseverity
agesatsinjury
alcoholsmisuse
domesticsviolence
servicesinsthesmilitary
participationsinssports
historysofspriorsbrainsinjury
chronicstraumaticsencephalopathys(CTE)s-
sascondition,sdiagnosedsaftersdeath,srelativestosmultiplesconcussionsscausedsbyssignificantsfo
rce.sAsprogressivesdegenerativesdisease,sCTEsissmostsoftenssustainedsbysathletessparticipati
ngsinscontactssports;smaysalsosbesobservedsinsdomesticsviolencesvictimssorsabusedschildrens
whoshavessustainedsnumeroussblowsstostheshead
neurogenicsbladders-
sassecondarysconditionscausedswhensasTBIsaffectssthescerebralsstructuresscontrollingsbladde
rsstoragesandsemptyingsfunctions
spasticitys-
sinvoluntary,sabnormalsmotorspatterns;smaysinterfereswithsasperson'ssgeneralsfunctioning,ss
elf-care,sandsmobility
activitiessofsdailyslivings(ADLs)s-sdressing,seating,sshowering,stoileting,swalking
post-traumaticsimmunesparalysiss-
sacutesperiodsafterssustainingssignificantsbodilystrauma,swhensthesimmunesresponsesisssigni
ficantlysimpaired;sfrequentlysassociatedswithstheshighsprevalencesofspotentiallyslife-
threateningsinfectionsspost-injury
computedstomographys(CT)s-sascross-sectionalsseriessofsX-
rayssusedstosviewsbodysorgans,sallowingsmedicalsprofessionalsstosviewsthesscanssinsmultiple
sindividualslayers;ssomesscansscansbesreconstructedsintosas3Dsimage
, magneticsresonancesimagings(MRI)s-
sastechniquesthatsusessasmagneticsfieldsandsradioswavesstoscreatesdetailedsimagessofsthesorga
nssandstissuesswithinsthesbody
diffusionstensorsimagings(DTI)s-
sansMRIsmethodsthatsmapssthesdiffusionsofsmolecules,sprimarilyswater,sinsasperson'ssbodysn
on-invasively
acceleration-decelerationsforcess-
ssuddensimpactsfollowingsashighsvelocitysofsspeed,sfrequentlysresultingsinsbrainsinjury
intracranialspressures(ICP)s-
sPressuresinsidesthesskullsfromsthesbrainsandsCSF.sPressuresmaysvarysduestosproductionsands
absorptionsofsCSFsfollowingsinjury.
subduralshematomas(SDH)s-
sbleedingsintosthesspace sbetweensthesdurasmatersandsthesarachnoidslayerssofsthesmeninges
hydrocephaluss-sAbnormalsaccumulationsofscerebrospinalsfluidsinsthesventriclessofsthesbrain
diffusesaxonalsinjurys(DAI)s-
sbrainsinjurysoccurringswhenstheswhitesmatterstractssaresstretchedsandsbroken,sresultingsins
extensive,swidespreadsdamage
hypoxia/anoxias-sdecreasesin/absencesofsoxygensgettingstosthesbrain;sresultssinscellsdeath
majorsdescendingsnervestractss-s-anteriorscorticospinalstract
-lateralscorticospinalstract
-rubrospinalstract
-tectospinalstract
majorsascendingsnervestractss-s-fasciculusscuneatussandsfasciculussgracilis
-Lissauer'sstract
-anteriorsandsposteriorsspinocerebellarstracts
-spinothalamicstracts
-spinoreticularstract
-spinotectalstract
neuroprotections-
spreservationsofsneuronalsfunctioningsandsstructure;sreducingsthesratesofsneuronalslosssover
stime;srefersstosthesabilitysofsasdrugsorsbiologicalsagentstospreventsbrainscellssfromsdying
neuroplasticitys-
sthesabilitysofsthesbrainstoschangesitssstructuresorsfunctionsduestosthesenvironment;srefersstos
thesabilitysofsthesnervousssystemstosregeneratesandsreorganizesitself,sandstosformsnewsconn
ectionssinsorderstoscompensatesforsinjurysorsadaptstoschangessinsthesenvironment
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