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PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY- CHAPTER 13 QUUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY- CHAPTER 13 QUUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY-CHAPTER 13 QUUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Fred Griffith - ANSWER He compared the effects of two kinds of bacteria on mice. One formed smooth
colonies and one formed rough colonies.
Oswald Avery - ANSWER Proved that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase - ANSWER Determined that genetic DNA, not protein, was the genetic
material using experiments about bacteriophages
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANSWER polymer of deoxyribonucleotides linked together by
phosphodiester bonds. Contains bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine.
complementary - ANSWER Bases in one strand match up with those of the other according to specific
base pairing rules
ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ANSWER single-stranded nucleic acid that performs critical functions during
protein synthesis and comes in three forms: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA
nucleic acids - ANSWER DNA and RNA
amino acids - ANSWER a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino
(—NH2) group.
origin of replication - ANSWER Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a
specific sequence of nucleotides.
replication fork - ANSWER a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix
separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated
, Replicon - ANSWER Unit of replication, consisting of DNA from the origin of replication to the point at
which replication on either side of the origin ends.
Replisome - ANSWER group of proteins needed for DNA synthesis
DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to
produce a DNA molecule
Helicases - ANSWER enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks
single-stranded DNA binding proteins(SSBs) - ANSWER - bind to the unraveled strand preventing the re-
association of the DNA strands & degradation of DNA by nucleases
-Unpaired strands of DNA are very "sticky" so proteins are required to hold the 2 strands apart
Topoisomerase - ANSWER Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the
double helix ahead of the replication fork.
DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) - ANSWER relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork
Primase - ANSWER An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA
strand as a template.
Primosome - ANSWER A protein complex at the replication fork whose central component is primase.
leading strand - ANSWER the new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the
template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction
lagging strand - ANSWER A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki
fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
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