NURA 2500 CARDIO TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the symptoms of an AV block? - Answer--fainting/syncope
-heart failure
-cardiac arrest and death
-hypotension
This is the mildest form of the heart blocks and is rarely symptomatic. There are very few times this rhythm will receive treatm...
What are the symptoms of an AV block? - Answer--fainting/syncope
-heart failure
-cardiac arrest and death
-hypotension
This is the mildest form of the heart blocks and is rarely symptomatic. There are very
few times this rhythm will receive treatment. - Answer-first degree heart block
In first degree heart block the electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles are -
Answer-delayed, causing long PR intervals
In a first degree heart block PR intervals are consistently GREATER than _____ and
less than 60 BPM. - Answer-20
Treatment for First degree heart block is: - Answer--monitor for any serious problems
-HOLD any meds that may cause the slow AV conductions
In this heart block not all electrical signals reach the ventricles causing some beats to
drop as well as causing an irregular rhythm. - Answer-Second degree
What are the two types of second degree heart blocks? - Answer--Type 1:
WENCKEBACH
-Type 2: MOBITZ
Type 1 which is also called wenckebach heart block is caused by the - Answer-atria is
pumping at a REGULAR rate but , the ventricles are pumping slower which causes
prolonged regular PR intervals
Treatment for type 1 wenckebach is: - Answer--atropine (0.5 every 3-5 mins)
-can pace only if necessary and for a very short time
-monitor for any other serious blocks
Type 2 which is also known as Mobitz heart block is caused by - Answer-the conduction
delay is below the AV node. Thus, the SA node is firing regularly causing regular P to P
waves but either bundle of his or bundle branches are NOT receiving the action
potential every time causing SKIPPED QRS complexes.
In type 2 mobitz there are extra _______ wave, but not QRS complexes to follow -
Answer-P
,Type 2 mobitz has the potential to progress to... - Answer-complete heart block
What is the treatment for type 2: mobitz heart block? - Answer--Atropine (0.5 every 3-5
mins)
-Trans pacing
-HOLD all drugs that slow AV conduction
Third degree block is caused by - Answer-the atria and ventricles are NOT
communicating at all... communication is "blocked." The atria are using their
pacemaker, SA node, which beats at 60-80bpm, BUT since the conduction pathways for
the electrical signal to pass on to the ventricles are BLOCKED, the ventricles use their
own pacemaker. This can either be the junction (40-60bpm) or bundles (20-40bpm).
This is a CHAOTIC messaging system that can cause P waves to happen in the
MIDDLE of a QRS complex. Because the P wave REPRESENTS the atria pumping and
the QRS complex represents the ventricles pumping and the atria are receiving
ALMOST DOUBLE the amount of signals.
In third degree heart block there are more ______ waves than QRS complexes. -
Answer-P-waves
What is the treatment for third degree block? - Answer--atropine (0.5 every 3-5min)
-Trans-pacer
-
What is the Heart Block Poem? - Answer-- If the R is far from the P, then you have first
degree.
-Longer, longer, longer, DROP! then you have a Wenckebach.
-If some Ps don't get through then you have MOBITZ 11.
-If Ps and Qs don't agree then you have third degree.
Myocardial infarction is the most serious.. - Answer-acute coronary syndrome.
Undiagnosed or untreated chest pain can lead to what? - Answer-actue coronary
syndrome
Myocardial infarction occurs when the myocardial tissue is - Answer-severely deprived
of oxygen
What is it called when a patient presents with non ST segment elevation myocardial
infarction? - Answer-NSTEMI
NSTEMI patients generally have ____ and ____ wave changes on an EKG. This can
indicate myocardial ischemia. - Answer-1. ST wave
2. T wave
, Cardiac enzymes may be normal, but can - Answer-elevate over the next 2-3 hours
NSTEMI are caused from what? - Answer-coronary vasospasm, spontaneous
dissection or sluggish blood flow due to narrowing of coronary artery
When patients present with ST elevated myocardial infarction, this is called? - Answer-
STEMI
STEMIS have a ST elevation in TWO different leads on an EKG. This usually indicates
what? - Answer-myocardial necrosis (heart tissue dies)
STEMIS are attributed to the rupture of what? - Answer-plague from the after which
leads to platelet aggregation and thrombus formation at the site of the rupture.
What should you do if you see a possible NSTEMI or STEMI patient? - Answer-Send
them to the cath lab immediately
What is sinus tachycardia? - Answer--100 to 150 BPM
-signals are being sent from the SA node but it is depolarizing FASTER than normal
What is a muscular organ that is located in the mediastinum between the lungs? -
Answer-the heart
How much does the heart pump with each beat? - Answer-60mL
What is the heart protected by? - Answer-pericardium
The heart has two halves: right and left that are separated by what? - Answer-the
septum
How does blood flow through the heart? - Answer-1. Vena cava: superior and inferior
2. Right atrium (pacemaker)
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonic Valves
6. Pulmonary arteries: left and right
7. Pulmonary Veins: left and right
8. Left atrium
9. Mitral valve
10. Left ventricle
11. Aortic valve
12. Aorta
The right atrium receives _______________ blood from the superior and inferior vena
cava. - Answer-deoxygenated
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