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NR 547 WEEK 6 2024/2025 QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED) 100% CORRECT |RATED A+
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NR 547 WEEK 6 2024/2025 QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED) 100% CORRECT |RATED A+
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NR 547 WEEK 6 2024/2025 QUIZQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED)
100% CORRECT |RATED A+
Neurocognitive disorders Correct Answer delirium and dementia
Dementia Correct Answer -a group of symptoms that mainly
affects memory, cognition and social interactions, and the ability
to do everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are
usually permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases,
most commonly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and
frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons,
damaging them, and causing them to slowly degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive
dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is
reduced or blocked, again causing them to malfunction or die
-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks, Difficulty
planning and organizing, Loss of coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes, Inappropriate
behaviour, Paranoia, Fear, anxiety, anger or depression.
Delirium Correct Answer ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN
MENTAL STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or
weeks, although it can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
,Delirium symptoms Correct Answer -Cognitive Symptoms:
Rambling or nonsense speech, Difficulty reading and writing,
Wandering attention, Becoming easily distracted, Becoming
withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness
of the environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
causes of delirium Correct Answer -lack of oxygen
-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives
• opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance
infections
tell the difference between delirium and dementia Correct Answer
onset
attention
do symptoms fluctuate?
Alzheimer's disease Correct Answer -type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between
neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
Alzheimer's disease brain progression Correct Answer -Plaques
& tangles usually start forming and spread from the cortex
, • earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
• as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects
around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread
throughout most of cortex, brain shrinks (atrophy) dramatically
(atrophy primarily affects hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia Correct Answer -20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
Lewy body dementia Correct Answer -10-25% of dementia cases
-abnormal protein structures forming inside neurons (lewy bodies)
• alpha synuclein protein = lewy bodies
-lewy bodies can be found it ppl with alzheimers & parkinsons too
• ppl with parkinsons can develop parkinsons later on
-symptoms
• thinking & memory
• movements & trembling
• hallucinations
• physically acting out dreams
Parkinsons disease dementia Correct Answer affects motor
control and mental functions
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