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NYSTCE: EDUCATING ALL STUDENTS (EAS) EXAM
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NYSTCE: EDUCATING ALL STUDENTS (EAS) EXAM
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NYSTCE: EDUCATING ALL STUDENTS (EAS) EXAMBehaviorism - Answers -people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - Answers -meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - Answers -meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - Answers -involves giving someone something that he or she
wants
Negative reinforcement - Answers -taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - Answers -involves giving someone something that he or she does
not want
Negative punishment - Answers -involves taking away something that someone does
want
Extinction - Answers -decreases the chances of a response to something by
withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - Answers -a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - Answers -learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - Answers -people learn best from other
people who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - Answers -focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to
the problem
scientific method - Answers -process of setting and testing hypotheses
inquiry - Answers -the ability to formulate a question
Connectionism - Answers -an educational philosophy that says that learning is a
product of the relationship between stimulus and response
Stimulus - Answers -something that causes a reaction
response - Answers -a reaction to a stimulus
, Edward Thorndike - Answers -psychologist in first half of the 20th center who first
proposed that connectionism is key to learning. He was the first educational
psychologist
Stimulus-response bond (S-R bond) - Answers -the connection between stimulus and
response, the better a person has learned the lesson.
Law of effect - Answers -the first of three laws of connectionism. If a stimulus results in
a positive outcome, it strengthens the S-R bond, while if it results in a negative
outcome, the S-R bond is weakened.
Law of exercise - Answers -the more you do something the better you are at it. 'Practice
makes perfect!'
Law of readiness - Answers -S-R bonds are stronger if an individual is ready to learn.
That is, a student who is not ready to learn will often not learn, but when a student is
mentally prepared to learn, it is likely that they will.
Learner-centered classrooms - Answers -Classrooms in which the student is the focus
of all activities and learning, with the teacher acting as a facilitator and guide on the
side.
Why is it important to know you r students interests and career goals in high school? -
Answers -So you can tailor your instruction and relationship toward helming them
achieve those goals.
learning programs - Answers -lessons and activities in the classroom
When designing learning programs, teachers need to make sure they consider several
aspects about students, including: - Answers -student needs; student backgrounds;
student perspectives; and student interests.
4 Steps to PBL - Answers -1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop
theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with
solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - Answers -a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view
of society
Critical theory in education - Answers -is about questioning how our educational system
can best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - Answers -poorer schools can have a harder time
getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower
technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
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